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The Presidential Seal of Turkey is a symbol used to represent the
/ref>
/ref> Prior to this assertion, the 16 stars had been taken as representing sixteen medieval beyliks which succeeded the
p. 2947.
The 16 stars are aligned with a 22.5 degree angle, equidistantly surrounding the sun. One edge of each star points to the center of the sun. The unit of measurement of the seal is the diameter of the circle around the edges of any one of the 16 stars (A). The lengths of the rays of the sun, the distance between the rays and the edges of the stars and the diameter of the outmost circle are determined as multiples of the unit A.
File:Defense.gov News Photo 981106-D-9880W-065.jpg, The Presidential Seal behind Demirel (1998)
File:Burhanettin Yeşilyurt.jpg, The Presidential Seal behind President
president of Turkey
The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the government of Tu ...
. It has a large 16-pointed Sun in the center which symbolizes the Republic of Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
. The sun is surrounded by 16 five-pointed stars
A star is an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night, but their immense distances from Earth ma ...
, symbolizing the 16 Great Turkic Empires in history.Official website of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey: Detailed description of the Presidential Seal/ref>
History
The roots of the Presidential Seal and Presidential Flag of Turkey go back to September 1922, when a similar flag was used on theautomobile
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with Wheel, wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, pe ...
that took Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 Surname Law (Turkey), until 1934 ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish Mareşal (Turkey), field marshal, Turkish National Movement, re ...
to İzmir
İzmir ( , ; ), also spelled Izmir, is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia, capital of the province of the same name. It is the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara and the second largest urban agglo ...
during the final days of the Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence "War of Liberation", also known figuratively as ''İstiklâl Harbi'' "Independence War" or ''Millî Mücadele'' "National Struggle" (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns waged by th ...
. This flag is currently on display at the Anıtkabir Museum in Ankara
Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...
. The Presidential Flag's characteristics and proportions were legalized with the ''Sancak Talimatnamesi'' law on October 22, 1925. According to this law, the Presidential Seal's dimensions were defined as "70cm x 70cm", while the Sun in the center (which looked similar to the current one) was a 20-pointed star containing 10 sharp-edged and 10 oval-edged light rays. The "70cm x 70cm" dimensions of the Presidential Seal were maintained in the Turkish Flag Law of May 29, 1936; but were later reduced to "30cm x 30cm" with a new legal amendment that was made on September 14, 1937. The number of the light rays in the Sun of the Presidential Seal were reduced to 16 (8 long and 8 short light rays, all of them sharp-edged) in order to symbolize the 16 Turkic states
The following is a list of dynasties, states or empires which are Turkic-speaking, of Turkic origins, or both. There are currently six recognised Turkic sovereign states. Additionally, there are six federal subjects of Russia in which a Turkic l ...
in history, with another legal amendment on February 18, 1978. The seal and flag took their current shape and proportions with the final legal amendment on January 25, 1985.
The '' 16 Great Turkic Empires'' are a Pan-Turkist
Pan-Turkism is a political movement that emerged during the 1880s among Turkic intellectuals who lived in the Russian region of Kazan (Tatarstan), Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan) and the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey), with its aim bei ...
concept introduced in 1969 by Akib Özbek. Its association with the seal was introduced in 1985, under president Kenan Evren
Ahmet Kenan Evren (; 17 July 1917 – 9 May 2015) was a Turkish politician and military officer, who served as the seventh President of Turkey from 1980 to 1989. He assumed the post by leading the 1980 military coup.
On 18 June 2014, a Turkish ...
.Official website of the presidency/ref> Prior to this assertion, the 16 stars had been taken as representing sixteen medieval beyliks which succeeded the
Seljuk Empire
The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian tradition, Turko-Persian, Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qiniq (tribe), Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. It spanned a total are ...
.''X. Türk Tarih Kongresi'', Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1994p. 2947.
Measurements
The 16 stars are aligned with a 22.5 degree angle, equidistantly surrounding the sun. One edge of each star points to the center of the sun. The unit of measurement of the seal is the diameter of the circle around the edges of any one of the 16 stars (A). The lengths of the rays of the sun, the distance between the rays and the edges of the stars and the diameter of the outmost circle are determined as multiples of the unit A.
Colors
The exact black, gold, and red colors to be used in the emblem are specified with reference to the regulations.Gallery
Gül
Gul is a common name in Persian ( ) and Turkish () languages, meaning ''rose''.
Gul is used as a family name in Europe, Central and South Asia.
It is also a Nordic given name, used in Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian languages as a short form ...
(2013)
File:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at Izmir, November 2021 (1).jpg, The Presidential Seal attached to a lectern in front of President Erdoğan (2021)
See also
*Emblems of Turkey
Turkey has no official national emblem, but the crescent and star ( tr, ay-yıldız, ) design from the national flag is in use as the ''de facto'' national emblem on Turkish passports, Turkish identity cards and at the diplomatic missions ...
* Flag of Turkey
The national flag of Turkey, officially the Turkish flag ( tr, Türk bayrağı), is a red flag featuring a white star and crescent. The flag is often called "the red flag" (), and is referred to as "the red banner" () in the Turkish national an ...
* Presidential Complex, the official residence of the president of Turkey
References
{{Turkey topicsTurkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
National symbols of Turkey