![Schloss Friedrichshof, Ostpreußen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Schloss_Friedrichshof%2C_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.jpg)
Pregolsky (russian: Прегольский) is a residential area within
Tsentralny City District of
Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...
,
Kaliningrad Oblast
Kaliningrad Oblast (russian: Калинингра́дская о́бласть, translit=Kaliningradskaya oblast') is the westernmost federal subject of Russia. It is a semi-exclave situated on the Baltic Sea. The largest city and admin ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
.
Prior to
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, it was known by its
German language
German ( ) is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is als ...
name Holstein (archaic ''Hollstein''
[Gerullis, p. 57]) as first a suburban estate and then a
quarter A quarter is one-fourth, , 25% or 0.25.
Quarter or quarters may refer to:
Places
* Quarter (urban subdivision), a section or area, usually of a town
Placenames
* Quarter, South Lanarkshire, a settlement in Scotland
* Le Quartier, a settlement ...
of
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was name ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, located west of the city center.
History
Located from medieval Königsberg on the northern shore of the
Pregel near where the river flowed into the
Vistula Lagoon
The Vistula Lagoon ( pl, Zalew Wiślany; russian: Калининградский залив, transliterated: ''Kaliningradskiy Zaliv''; german: Frisches Haff; lt, Aistmarės) is a brackish water lagoon on the Baltic Sea roughly 56 miles (90  ...
, the
Old Prussian
Old Prussian was a Western Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European languages, which was once spoken by the Old Prussians, the Baltic peoples of the Prussian region. The language is called Old Prussian to avoid con ...
village of ''Kasewalx'' was first documented in 1405.
[Mühlpfordt, p. 60] Other early names included ''Kasewolx'', ''Kasewalk'', and ''Kesewalk''. The name was of
Old Prussian
Old Prussian was a Western Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European languages, which was once spoken by the Old Prussians, the Baltic peoples of the Prussian region. The language is called Old Prussian to avoid con ...
origin and referred to a brook or stream.
In 1508, ten farmers lived in the village, then known as Kasebalk
and Kasebalg.
[Weise, p. 73] Johann Schimmelpfennig (1604-1669), a Königsberg Councillor and vice-mayor of
Kneiphof
Coat of arms of Kneiphof
Postcard of Kneiphöfsche Langgasse
Reconstruction of Kneiphof in Kaliningrad's museum
Kneiphof (russian: Кнайпхоф; pl, Knipawa; lt, Knypava) was a quarter of central Königsberg (Kaliningrad). During the ...
, possessed the village and surrounding region in 1650. His widow later sold the land to Elector
Frederick III. East of the village was the inn Langerfeldkrug.
From 1693 to 1697, Frederick tasked Georg Heinrich Kranichfeld with building the
hunting palace Friedrichshof near the Langerfeldkrug inn according to a design by
Johann Arnold Nering
Johann Arnold Nering (or Nehring; 13 January 1659 – 21 October 1695) was a German Baroque architect in the service of Brandenburg-Prussia.
A native of Wesel, Cleves, Nering was educated largely in Holland. From 1677 to 1679 he also travelled ...
. Tiles from the dismantled castle of
Fischhausen were used in its construction.
Frederick, king as of 1701, used his new mansion for elk hunts in the
Kaporner Heath. Other nearby mansions commissioned at the same time were Friedrichsberg and
Friedrichswalde, estates which existed until 1945.
[Gause I, p. 555]
King
Frederick William I of Prussia granted Friedrichshof and Kasebalk to his cousin,
, on 15 May 1719.
[Hedicke, p. 38] Holstein-Beck subsequently renamed Friedrichshof to Holstein
and had it expanded into the shape of an "H" to honor
Saint Hubert
Hubertus or Hubert ( 656 – 30 May 727 A.D.) was a Christian saint who became the first bishop of Liège in 708 A.D. He is the patron saint of hunters, mathematicians, opticians and metalworkers. Known as the "Apostle of the Ardennes", he w ...
.
It was one of the finest examples of
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe. It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means t ...
in
East Prussia, with high arched windows reminiscent of
Charlottenburg Palace
Schloss Charlottenburg (Charlottenburg Palace) is a Baroque palace in Berlin, located in Charlottenburg, a district of the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough.
The palace was built at the end of the 17th century and was greatly expanded during th ...
.
Holstein-Beck's descendants sold the manor into private hands in 1765. The Jewish merchant David Meyer Friedländer acquired Holstein from a bankrupt Major von Below in 1812 for 70,000 Thaler. Some refugees from the 1830
November Uprising of
Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in C ...
against the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
who had entered
East Prussia were temporarily interned in Holstein. In 1835 it was acquired by the Magnus family. By 1863 the village Kasebalk had been renamed Klein Holstein ("Lesser Holstein"), while the manor and estate were known as Groß Holstein ("Greater Holstein").
A
schnapps
Schnapps ( or ) or schnaps is a type of alcoholic beverage that may take several forms, including distilled fruit brandies, herbal liqueurs, infusions, and "flavored liqueurs" made by adding fruit syrups, spices, or artificial flavorings to neu ...
distilled in Groß Holstein, euphemistically named ''Pregelgestank'' after the smell of the Pregel, was especially popular with oarsmen. Sledding also became popular in the vicinity of scenic Holstein. The fort VII Herzog von Holstein, named in 1894, was built near Holstein as part of the new
Königsberg fortifications
The fortifications of the former East Prussian capital Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) consist of numerous defensive walls, forts, bastions and other structures. They make up the First and the Second Defensive Belt, built in 1626—1634 and 1843 ...
constructed from 1872-94.
[Gause II, p. 630]
Holstein and its environs were incorporated into the city of Königsberg in 1927 and 1928. The city became Russian Kaliningrad after World War II; Holstein was renamed Pregolskiy after the Pregolya (Pregel) River. The manor is now used as a research institute.
References
Notes
Sources
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*{{Cite book, last=Mühlpfordt, first=Herbert Meinhard, author-link=Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt, title=Königsberg von A bis Z, year=1972, publisher=Aufstieg-Verlag, location=München, pages=168, isbn=3-7612-0092-7, language=de
1405 establishments in Europe
15th-century establishments in Russia
Baroque architecture in Russia
Kaliningrad
Populated places established in the 1400s