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In mathematics, the predual of an object ''D'' is an object ''P'' whose
dual space In mathematics, any vector space ''V'' has a corresponding dual vector space (or just dual space for short) consisting of all linear forms on ''V'', together with the vector space structure of pointwise addition and scalar multiplication by con ...
is ''D''. For example, the predual of the space of
bounded operator In functional analysis and operator theory, a bounded linear operator is a linear transformation L : X \to Y between topological vector spaces (TVSs) X and Y that maps bounded subsets of X to bounded subsets of Y. If X and Y are normed vecto ...
s is the space of
trace class In mathematics, specifically functional analysis, a trace-class operator is a linear operator for which a trace may be defined, such that the trace is a finite number independent of the choice of basis used to compute the trace. This trace of trace- ...
operators, and the predual of the space ''L''(R) of essentially bounded functions on R is the Banach space ''L''1(R) of integrable functions.. Abstract algebra Functional analysis {{mathanalysis-stub