) , birth_date = 12 April 1864 or 1865 , birth_place =

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

, death_date = 28 March 1949 , death_place =

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

, occupation = Columnist, editor, publisher, educator , nationality = Russian , period = 1884–1930s , genre = , subject = Women's rights and education , movement = , notableworks = ''First Women's Calendar'' , relatives = , influences = , influenced = , signature = , website = Praskovia Naumovna Arian (russian: Прасковья Наумовна Ариян (Ариан)), née Belenkaia, (russian: Беленькая; c. 1864 – 28 March 1949) was a Russian writer, translator,

feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...

and educator. She founded the

annual Annual may refer to: * Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year **Yearbook ** Literary annual * Annual plant * Annual report * Annual giving * Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco * Annuals (b ...

''First Women's Calendar'' (''Pervyi Zhenskii Kalendar'' − russian: Первый женский календарь) covering women's issues in Russia and later the First Women’s Technical Institute (''Pervyi Zhenskii Politekhnicheskii Institut'' − russian: Первый женский политехнический институт). She wrote articles under the pseudonym "Ar." (russian: Ар.). In the 1930s she taught courses for workers at the

Kirov Plant The Kirov Plant, Kirov Factory or Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ) ( rus, Кировский завод, Kirovskiy zavod) is a major Russian mechanical engineering and agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was establ ...

in Leningrad.

Life

Arian was born to

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

parents in either 1864 or 1865 in

, the capital of the

. While a student in the physics and mathematics section of the St Petersburg Bestuzhev Higher Women’s Courses (''Vysshie Zhenskie (Bestuzhevskie) Kursy''), Arian became radicalized. She completed her coursework, but failed to take her final exams. The date of her marriage to process engineer Miron Isaevich Arian (russian: Мирон Исаевич Ариян) is unknown.

Work

Arian was a translator and journalist, writing for a variety of publications including ''Stock Market Gazette'' (''Birzhevye Vedomosti'' – russian: Биржевые ведомости) and Art and Life (''Iskusstvo i Zhizn’''), to name just two. She founded a daycare center for workers in St. Petersburg in 1884 and worked there for the next decade. In 1889, she founded the ''First Women's Calendar'' covering a wide range of issues of interest to women, including coverage of the major feminist organization and their

congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of a ...

es. Published annually until 1915, Arian was the publisher, editor and compiler of the Calendar. The writer

Maxim Gorky Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and social ...

, the radical activist

Vera Figner Vera Nikolayevna Figner Filippova (Russian: Ве́ра Никола́евна Фи́гнер Фили́ппова; 7 July ld Style and New Style dates, O.S. 25 June1852 – 25 June 1942) was a prominent Russian revolutionary political activis ...

, the artist Ilia Repin and the psychologist

Vladimir Bekhterev Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev ( rus, Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, p=ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf; January 20, 1857 – December 24, 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best know ...

all contributed to the Calendar.Ruthchild, pp. 30–31

First Women's Calendar

899 __NOTOC__ Year 899 ( DCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – King Arnulf of Carinthia enlists the support of the Magyars, to ...

915 Year 915 ( CMXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League, personally led by Pope John X, lays s ...

- 20. ... на 1911 год : XIII год / При участии акад. В.М. Бехтерева, М. Горького, А.Я. Ефименко � др. - Санкт-Петербург : тип. "Север",

911 911 or 9/11 may refer to: Dates * AD 911 * 911 BC * September 11 ** 9/11, the September 11 attacks of 2001 ** 11 de Septiembre, Chilean coup d'état in 1973 that outed the democratically elected Salvador Allende * November 9 Numbers * 911 ...

- VIII, 7-146, 291 с., 2 л. ил. * 1912 year / Первый женский календарь / �ост.П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд",

- 20. ... на 1912 год : XIV г. : Со статьями женщ.-врачей М.М. Волковой и С.С. Вольтке, проф. Дегена � др. - �анкт-Петербург : 1-я женск. тип. т-ва "Печатного станка", [1912 - 418 с. разд. паг., 5 л. портр. * 1913 year
Первый женский календарь / Сост. П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд", - 20. ... на 1913 год : XV г. - Санкт-Петербург : тип. "Бережливость", 1913. - 442 с. разд. паг., 8 л. портр.
* 1914 year / Первый женский календарь / �ост.П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд", 1899-1915. - 20. ... на 1914 год : XVI г. - Санкт-Петербург : тип. "Бережливость",

914 __NOTOC__ Year 914 ( CMXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Empress Zoe Karbonopsina leads a palace coup at Constantino ...

- XXXVIII, 380 с., 6 л. портр. * 1915 year / Первый женский календарь / �ост.П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд",

- 20. ... на 1915 год : XVII г. Петроград : тип. "Я. Трей",

- 168 с. : ил.

Translations

* Вотель, Клеман. «Я - заядлый буржуй» (french: «Je suis un affreux bourgeois»): Роман / Клеман Вотель ; Пер. с франц. П. Н. Ариян. - Ленинград : Книжные новинки,

926 Year 926 ( CMXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – The Italian nobles turn against King Rudolph II of Burgundy and request that ...

- 218, с.; * Маргерит, Виктор. «Молодые девушки» (french: «Jeunes Filles»): Роман / Виктор Маргерит ; Пер. с франц. П. Н. Ариян. - Ленинград ; Москва : Петроград,

927 Year 927 (Roman numerals, CMXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * May 27 – Simeon I of Bulgaria, Simeon I, emperor (''tsar'') of the Fi ...

- 173 с.; * Шеро, Гастон. «Капризы судьбы» = «Le Vent du destin» : �ассказы/ Гастон Шеро ; Пер. с франц. П. Ариян, В. Нибиэри. - Ленинград ; Москва : Книга,

(М. : тип. М.К.Х. им. Ф. Я. Лаврова). - 111 с.;

Notes

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Arian, Praskovia 1864 births 1949 deaths Russian feminists 19th-century women writers from the Russian Empire 19th-century non-fiction writers from the Russian Empire Russian women's rights activists Women non-fiction writers 20th-century Russian women writers 20th-century Russian non-fiction writers Writers from Saint Petersburg