Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana (), previously Indira Awas Yojana (), is a social welfare programme, created by the
Indian Government
The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the Government, national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy lo ...
, to provide housing for the rural poor in
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. A similar scheme for urban poor was launched in 2015 as
Housing for All
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is an initiative by the Government of India in which affordable housing will be provided to the urban poor with a target of building 2 crore (20 million) affordable houses by 31 March 2022. It has two compon ...
Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi (; 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth prime minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, to beco ...
, the
Prime Minister of India
The prime minister of India (IAST: ) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the ...
, as one of the major flagship programs of the
Ministry of Rural Development Ministry of Rural Development may refer to:
* Ministry of Rural Development (Cambodia)
* Ministry of Rural Development (Hungary)
* Ministry of Rural Development (India)
* Ministry of Rural Development (Malaysia) Ministry of Rural Development may r ...
to construct houses for the
Below Poverty Line
Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from s ...
population in the villages.
Overview
Under the PMGAY scheme, financial assistance worth {{INRConvert, 120000 in plain areas and {{INRConvert, 130000 in difficult areas (high land area) is provided for construction of houses. These houses are equipped with facilities such as toilet, LPG connection, electricity connection, and drinking water Swachh Bharat Abhiyan toilets, Ujjwala Yojana LPG gas connection, Saubhagya Yojana electricity connection, etc.">Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana">Ujjwala Yojana LPG gas connection, Saubhagya Yojana electricity connection, etc.10 lakh homes built under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin): Government Economic Times, 1 Dec 2017. The houses are allotted in the name of the woman or jointly between husband and wife. The construction of the houses is the sole responsibility of the beneficiary and engagement of contractors is strictly prohibited but in cases where beneficiary is physically disabled then it is the responsibility of block level officer to provide full assistance in construction of house under PMAY gramin. Sanitary latrine and smokeless Chullah are required to be constructed along with each IAY house for which additional financial assistance is provided from "Total Sanitation Campaign" and "Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana" ( Which is now subsumed by Deen Dayal Upadhaya Gram Jyoti Yojana ) respectively. This scheme, operating since 1985, provides
subsidies
A subsidy or government incentive is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy. Although commonly extended from the government, the ter ...
and cash-assistance to people in villages to construct their houses, themselves.
History
Started in 1985 as part of the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP), Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) was subsumed in Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) in 1989 and has been operating as an independent scheme since 1 January 1996.{{cite web, title=Indira Awaas Yojana , url=http://rural.nic.in/rh.htm , publisher=Rural.nic.in , access-date=8 March 2011 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206092524/http://www.rural.nic.in/RH.htm , archive-date=6 February 2011 In 1993-94 this scheme was extended to Non SC/ST categories also. From 1995 to 1996 the scheme has been further extended to widows or next-of-kin of defense personnel killed in action, ex-servicemen and retired members of the paramilitary forces who wish to live in rural areas as long as they meet basic eligibility criteria.
Given that India has been historically a populous and
poor
Poverty is the state of having few material possessions or little
refugees
A refugee, conventionally speaking, is a displaced person who has crossed national borders and who cannot or is unwilling to return home due to well-founded fear of persecution.
and villagers has been a focus of
Government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
's welfare schemes since the time of
India's independence
The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India. It lasted from 1857 to 1947.
The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged from Bengal. ...
.{{cite web, title=GUIDELINES for INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA-Introduction , url=http://rural.nic.in/iaygd2.htm , publisher=rural.nic.in , access-date=8 March 2011 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://sarkarieyojana.in/indira-awas-yojana-list-bihar/ , archive-date=25 December 2010 As a result, various welfare schemes like House Sites cum Construction Assistance Scheme have been ongoing since the 1950s. However, it was only in the 1983 that a focused fund for creation of housing for
scheduled castes
The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
(SCs),
scheduled tribes
The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
(STs) and freed
bonded labour
Debt bondage, also known as debt slavery, bonded labour, or peonage, is the pledge of a person's services as security for the repayment for a debt or other obligation. Where the terms of the repayment are not clearly or reasonably stated, the pe ...
was set up under Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP). This gave birth to IAY in the
fiscal year
A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is used in government accounting, which varies between countries, and for budget purposes. It is also used for financial reporting by businesses and other organizations. Laws in many ...
1985–86.
"Indira Awas Yojana" (IAY) was launched by
Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi (; 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth prime minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, to beco ...
, the then
Prime Minister of India
The prime minister of India (IAST: ) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the ...
in 1985 and was restructured as "Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana" (PMGAY) in 2015.{{citation , title=Modi government to rename new-look Indira Awaas Yojana to Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana , url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-12-29/news/69379499_1_indira-awaas-yojana-jan-dhan-yojana-iay-scheme , work=
The Economic Times
''The Economic Times'' is an Indian English-language business-focused daily newspaper. It is owned by The Times Group. ''The Economic Times'' began publication in 1961. As of 2012, it is the world's second-most widely read English-language bus ...
Zee News
Zee News is an Indian Hindi-language news channel owned by Subhash Chandra's Essel Group. It launched on 27 August 1999 and is the flagship channel of the Zee Media Corporation.
The channel has been involved in several controversies and has ...
, date=25 April 2016
Purpose
The broad purpose of the scheme is to provide financial assistance to some of the weakest sections of society for them to upgrade or construct the house of respectable quality for their personal living. The vision of the government is to replace all temporary (kutcha ) houses from Indian villages by 2017 (house in which 0, 1, 2 wall are kutcha with kutcha roof..{{cite news, last=Kumar, first=Devesh, title=Indira Awaas Yojana scope to be widened, states to come in as partners, url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-06-19/news/27606071_1_rural-development-iay-vision-plan, access-date=8 March 2011, newspaper=Economic Times, date=19 June 2010
Implementation
The funds are allocated to the states based on 75% weightage of rural housing shortage and 25% weightage of poverty ratio. The housing shortage is as per the official published figures of Registrar General of India based on the 2001 Census.{{cite news, title=Allotment of Indira Awas, url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=70453, access-date=8 March 2011, newspaper=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, date=3 March 2011
A software called "AWAAS Soft" was launched in July 2010 to assist in improved administration of this scheme.
Eligibility
All the below categories are automatically included under PM awas yojana gramin
* List of kutcha house under PM awas yojana gramin is prepared on the basis of Housing deprivation parameter in the Socio economic and caste censes 2011.
* Then this list is confirmed by the gram Shabhas and panchayat level, they will make deletion or addition of any household who is left outside parameters of SECC 2011.
* Kutcha houses having 0, 1, 2 rooms with kutcha roof are included under PM awas yojana gramin
* Households without any shelter are covered PM awas yojana or PM rural.
* Destitute living on the alms are covered under PM awas yojana gramin.
* Manual scavenger are also included.
* Primitive tribal groups are included under PM awas yojana gramin.
* Legally released bounded laborers are covered under PM awas yojana gramin.
Who are not eligible
There are total 13 parameters set by government of India and households with kutcha house of 0, 1, 2 rooms and kutcha roof but are fulfilling any one of the 13 parameters are kept excluded from this scheme.
* Households having Two. three or four wheeler and motorized boat are excluded from PM awas yojana gramin.
* Households having mechanized three or four wheeler agriculture or allied equipment are also excluded from PM awas yojana gramin.
* Kisan credit card holder having limit of 50000 rupees are also kept outside PM awas yojana gramin.
* Households having any government employee are also kept outside.
* If any member of the family is earning more than 10000 rupees per month.
* Those who are paying income tax are also not included in PM awas yojana gramin.
* Professional tax payers also excluded from PM awas yojana gramin.
* Those who owns a landline phone are also not covered under PM awas yojana gramin.
* Those who owns a refrigerator are also not covered under PM awas yojana gramin.
* Landholder of more than 2.5 acres of irrigated land are also kept outside.
* 5 acres or more irrigated land for 2 or more crop seasons are not included.
* Households having total land of 7.5 acres (both irrigated or non irrigated) are kept out of Pradhan mantri awas yojana gramin.
Current provisions
As per the 2011 budget, the total funds allocated for IAY have been set at {{INRConvert, 100, b{{cite news , title=Union Budget 2011: Rural development to get 12% more , url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/union-budget-2011-rural-development-to-get-12-more/articleshow/7595868.cms , access-date=8 March 2011 , newspaper=Economic Times , date=28 February 2011 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016234903/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/union-budget-2011-rural-development-to-get-12-more/articleshow/7595868.cms , archive-date=16 October 2012 for construction of houses for BPL families with special focus on the Left Wing Extremist (LWE) districts.{{cite news, last=Balchand, first=K., title=Pranab shifts focus to Bharat Nirman, url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/article1497882.ece, access-date=8 March 2011, newspaper=The Hindu, date=28 February 2011, location=Chennai, India
Under the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana 2020, the Central Government is providing financial assistance of Rs.1,20,000 for building of pucca house on flat land and the Government is providing financial assistance of Rs.1,30,000 for construction of pucca house in hilly area.
Impact
Since 1985, 25.2 million houses have been constructed under the scheme. Under the
Bharat Nirman
Bharat Nirman is an Indian plan for creating basic rural infrastructure. It is a step in bridging the gap between rural and urban areas and improving the quality of lives of rural masses. It comprises projects on irrigation, roads (Pradhan Mant ...
Phase 1 project, 6 million houses were targeted and 7.1 million actually constructed from 2005–06 to 2008–09.{{cite news, title=Persons Eligible for Indira Awas Yojana(IAY), url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=70098, access-date=8 March 2011, newspaper=Press Information Bureau, Government of India Additional, 12 million houses are planned to be constructed or renovated under the Bharat Nirman Phase 2.
According to the official 2001 figures, the total rural housing shortage was 14.825 million houses.
Bharat Nirman
Bharat Nirman is an Indian plan for creating basic rural infrastructure. It is a step in bridging the gap between rural and urban areas and improving the quality of lives of rural masses. It comprises projects on irrigation, roads (Pradhan Mant ...
*
Union budget of India
The Union Budget of India, also referred to as the ''Annual Financial Statement'' in Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget of the Republic of India. The Government presents it on the first day of February so that it coul ...
District Rural Development Agencies (India)
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
*
Minister of Rural Development (India)
The Ministry of Rural Development, a branch of the Government of India, is entrusted with the task of accelerating the socio-economic development of rural India. Its focus is on special rural grants for health and education, piped filtered dr ...