Pozuzo 10

Pozuzo is a village and district in the Oxapampa Province and Pasco Region of Peru. The village, at an elevation of , is situated near the left bank of the Huancabamba River which is renamed the Pozuzo River after it passes by the village. The population of the village in 2017 was 1,366. Pozuzo was established in 1859 by Austrian and German immigrants to Peru and traces of German culture and architecture survived into the 21st century. Pozuzo was isolated and difficult to access until 1976 when a vehicle road was completed linking the village with the town of Oxapampa, north.

History

Franciscan missionaries established a mission at Pozuzo in 1712, but the colony and mission was abandoned or destroyed in the 1740s or 1750s in the Atahualpa Rebellion by the Asháninka (or Campa) people of the area. The colony was reestablished and a bridge was constructed across the Pozuzo river about 1790. The indigenous people of the area were ravaged by smallpox epidemics. When explorer William Smyth reached Pozuzo in 1828 the Franciscans had abandoned Pozuzo and the only inhabitants were one Asháninka family although other indigenous farmers lived nearby and cultivated coca, sugar cane, squash, and cassava (yuca). Smyth described the mule trail leading eastward from the Andes highlands to Pozuzo as narrow and dangerous.

In the 1850s, Peruvian President Ramón Castilla proposed to build a railroad from the capital city of Lima, across the Andes Mountains, and onward to the navigable rivers of the Amazon Basin. Part of the plan (the only part realized) was to import German and Austrian Catholics to settle on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in the tropical rainforests of the Amazon region, then populated only by indigenous people. Downloaded from JSTOR. In 1855, the Peruvian leader signed an agreement with German traveler Kuno Damian von Schütz-Holzhausen to recruit 10,000 Germans and Austrians to emigrate to Peru and establish colonies on the eastern flanks of the Andes. The Peruvian government agreed to pay the cost of the passage from Europe to Peru of the emigrants and the cost of transporting them overland to Pozuzo and other areas designated for their settlement. On arrival in Pozuzo, each family would receive of farmland. Single men would receive . Part One, Two, and Three.

Schütz traveled to Germany in 1856 to recruit settlers and assembled a group of 302 persons, about 200 from the Tyrol and 100 from Moselle and Prussia. Among the colonists were two Roman Catholic priests, one of whom was José Egg, a leader among the colonists. Most of the colonists were poor peasants and artisans with large families. They group departed Antwerp on the sailing ship ''Norton'' on 26 March 1857 and arrived in the port of Callao, Peru on 8 August 1857. On arrival Schütz found that the Peruvian government had done little to prepare for the arrival of the colonists and their transportation to Pozuzo. The colonists undertook a difficult journey on foot and mule to reach Pozuzo, starting from the port of Huacho, reaching an elevation of more than crossing the Andes, to Cerro de Pasco, onward to Acobamba ( Ambo), and, constructing the road enroute, to Pozuzo. The town was established in 1859 by 172 of the original 302 colonists who had departed Europe together. Many had deserted en route or had died or been killed during the journey.

One of the early decisions of the colonists was to separate the land allocated to the Prussians and the Tyroleans. The Prussians settled south of Pozuzo and established the village of Prusia; the Tyroleans established the village of Pozuzo.

Pozuzo was one of the few German colonies in the Amazon basin of Peru in the 19th century that survived and prospered. By 1889, Pozuzo had a population of 565 persons, nearly all of them farmers. Among a variety of crops grown the most important commercial crops were tobacco, coffee, coca, and rice.

In 1891, colonists from Pozuzo founded the town of Oxapampa, which quickly eclipsed Pozuzo in population, and in 1928 founded the town of Villa Rica, a coffee growing area. Both towns were at a higher elevation and enjoyed a milder climate that Pozuzo. Over the years the Germanic heritage of the people of Pozuzo has become diluted by intermarriage and in-migration from the Andes and the local indigenous people. In 2005, only about 15 percent of the population of about 4,000 in Pozuzo district claimed to have German heritage. In the same year, the first non-Germanic mayor of the town was elected, a man with an Andean heritage.

Climate

Pozuzo has an Af (tropical with adequate precipitation throughout the year) climate under the Köppen Classification system. Measured by the Trewartha climate classification system the climate is Arbb (tropical, adequate precipitation throughout the year with warm summers and warm winters) Pozuzo's climate is modified by its altitude which results in temperatures several degrees lower year round than the nearby low-elevation tropics. The difference in average temperatures between the warmest and coolest months is only 1.5 degrees C (3 degrees F). The austral winter months of June, July, and August are the driest of the year.

References

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Populated places in the Pasco Region
Peruvian people of German descent
Ethnic groups in Peru
Geography of Peru