Pottery Mound (LA 416) was a late prehistoric village on the bank of the
Rio Puerco, west of
Los Lunas, New Mexico. It was an adobe pueblo most likely occupied between 1350 and 1500. The site is best known for its 17 kivas, which yielded a large number of murals. A 2007 book, ''New Perspectives on Pottery Mound Pueblo'' (
Polly Schaafsma
Polly Dix Schaafsma is an American archaeologist, best known for her publications on Native American rock art. Schaafsma is a research associate in the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico. She and her husband, ...
2007) provides a general introduction to the site.
Research History
Frank Hibben, a professor at the
University of New Mexico
The University of New Mexico (UNM; es, Universidad de Nuevo México) is a public research university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Founded in 1889, it is the state's flagship academic institution and the largest by enrollment, with over 25,400 ...
(UNM) directed archaeological field schools at the site in 1954 (Ballagh and Phillips 2006), 1955, 1957, and 1958. He also directed a research project funded by the National Science Foundation in 1960–1961 and afterwards led "salvage" digs conducted by volunteers, as late as the 1980s. The "salvage" digs were highly disturbing to the cultural site, leading to complete destruction of historic Pueblo kivas and pottery. The poor planning, excavating, and over "archeological" study has proven to be far more destructive to the sites long-term health and has led to much scrutiny within the Pueblo community. In 1979, UNM anthropology professor Linda Cordell directed a surface sampling, mapping, and testing program at the site. In 2003 UNM began an effort to reorganize the site collections and publish detailed accounts of the fieldwork. In late 2012 UNM deeded the land comprising the "site" to the Isleta Pueblo.
Pottery
Pottery Mound is named after the large number of
potsherds lying on the site surface, and after its low mound of melted
adobe
Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for ''mudbrick''. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of e ...
. The site was part of the
Rio Grande Glaze Ware tradition that began ca. 1315 and continued until the time of the Spanish reconquest of New Mexico in 1693. The site's signature pottery, Pottery Mound Polychrome, includes red and black paint on a background consisting of two slip colors (on bowls, one slip color on the inside and the other on the outside). As is typical in the southern part of the glaze ware production area, Glaze A pottery (simple rim forms) predominates (Franklin 2007).
Pottery Mound has the greatest variety of pottery of any prehistoric site in central New Mexico. Imported pottery includes Hopi decorated and plain wares, white paste wares from the Acoma-Zuni region of west-central New Mexico, and biscuit wares from north-central New Mexico (Franklin 2007).
References
* Ballagh, Jean H., and David A. Phillips, Jr., 2006, ''Pottery Mound: The 1954 Field Season.'' Maxwell Museum Technical Series No. 2. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
* Franklin, Hawyard H., 2007, ''The Pottery of Pottery Mound, A Study of the 1979 UNM Field School Collections, Part 1: Typology and Chronology.'' Maxwell Museum Technical Series No. 5. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
* Hibben, Frank C., 1975, ''Kiva Art of the Anasazi at Pottery Mound.'' KC Publications, Las Vegas, Nev.
* Schaafsma, Polly (editor), 2007, ''New Perspectives on Pottery Mound Pueblo.'' University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
{{Pre-Columbian North America
Archaeological sites in New Mexico
Buildings and structures in Valencia County, New Mexico
History of Valencia County, New Mexico