Postoloprty (; german: Postelberg) is a town in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,600 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

The villages of Březno, Dolejší Hůrky, Hradiště, Levonice, Malnice, Mradice, Rvenice, Seletice, Seménkovice, Skupice, Strkovice and Vrbka are administrative parts of Postoloprty. Dolejší Hůrky forms an

exclave An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...

of the municipal territory.

Etymology

The town's name was probably derived from the Latin name of the monastery, ''Porta Apostolorum''. Another theory says the name was derived from Old Czech ''prtati postole'', meaning "to repair shoes". The first written mention of Postoloprty was under the name Postolopirth.

Geography

Postoloprty is located about west of Louny and southwest of Ústí nad Labem. It lies mostly in the Most Basin, in an agricultural landscape. The town is situated on the left bank of the Ohře River. A distinctive geologic outcrop of the Cretaceous period is located near the village of Březno (''Březenské souvrství''). Today, it is protected as a nature monument.

History

The settlement was first mentioned in the '' Chronica Boemorum'', written in 1119–1125 by Cosmas of Prague. A Benedictine monastery with the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary was founded here probably at the end of the 11th century. It was built near the site where a former Slavic gord called ''Drahúš'' on the Ohře river had been erected at the behest of the Přemyslid dukes. The monastery's premises were devastated during the

Hussite Wars The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, European monarchs loyal to the Cat ...

in 1420 and not rebuilt. In 1454, the Bohemian King George of Poděbrady enfeoffed his sons with the Postoloprty estates. The lands were leased to the noble Veitmile (''Weitmühl'') family in 1480. During their rule, the settlement prospered, and in 1510, it obtained town privileges by King Vladislaus II. In 1611, the owners had a castle erected at the site of the former monastery, which was rebuilt in the

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

style from 1706 to 1718. The lordship had passed to the noble House of Schwarzenberg in 1692, the family held the premises until 1945. Upon the 1938 Munich Agreement, the area was

annexed Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...

by Nazi Germany and incorporated into the '' Reichsgau Sudetenland''. When the region returned to the Czechoslovak Republic at the end of World War II, the remaining '

Sudeten German German Bohemians (german: Deutschböhmen und Deutschmährer, i.e. German Bohemians and German Moravians), later known as Sudeten Germans, were ethnic Germans living in the Czech lands of the Bohemian Crown, which later became an integral part ...

' population was expelled according to the

Beneš decrees The Beneš decrees, sk, Dekréty prezidenta republiky) and the Constitutional Decrees of the President of the Republic ( cz, Ústavní dekrety presidenta republiky, sk, Ústavné dekréty prezidenta republiky) were a series of laws drafted by t ...

. Outrages culminated in a massacre on 3–7 June 1945, when about 800 German civilians, mainly men who had been deported to Postoloprty from nearby Žatec, were tortured and shot. The incidents were inquired by a committee of the Czechoslovak parliament in 1947. It is the largest known killing of ethnic Germans by Czechs after World War II. 763 bodies were exhumed but other death toll estimates are higher. The Postoloprty citizens disagreed whether to build a memorial or to not acknowledge the massacre; a memorial plaque was unveiled on 3 June 2010.

Demographics

Transport

A section of the D7 motorway passes through the town.

Notable people

Antonín Langweil Antonín Langweil (13 June 13 1791 in Postoloprty – 11 June 1837 in Prague) was a Bohemian lithographer, librarian, painter, and model maker. He created a model of the city of Prague, which is now on display at the City of Prague Museum Th ...

(1791–1837), artist and model maker * Julius Anton Glaser (1831–1885), Austrian jurist and politician *

Eduard Bacher Edouard Bacher (7 March 1846, Postelberg – 16 January 1908, Vienna) was an Austrian jurisconsult and journalist. Graduating from the University of Vienna, he engaged in practise as an advocate; in this career, he displayed such marked ability ...

(1846–1908), Austrian jurisconsult and journalist *

Adolf Dobrovolný Adolf Dobrovolný (8 May 1864 – 17 January 1934) was a Czech actor and a radio announcer, the first regular radio news reporter in Czechoslovakia. Early life and theatre career Dobrovolný was born in Postoloprty, a small town on the Czech� ...

(1864—1934), actor and radio announcer *

Jan Burka Jan Burka (14 June 1924 – 4 September 2009) was a Czech painter, graphic artist and sculptor. Biography Burka was born in Postoloprty. In 1940, he studied at a private art school, and then attended a course in graphics at the Vinohrady Synagogu ...

(1924–2009), artist

Twin towns – sister cities

Postoloprty is twinned with: * Wolkenstein, Germany

References

External links

* {{authority control Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Louny District