Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...
lived during the
Impressionist
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...
era. With the development of photography, painters and artists turned to conveying the feeling and ideas behind people, places, and things rather than trying to imitate their physical forms. Impressionist artists did this by emphasizing certain hues, using vigorous brushstrokes, and paying attention to highlighting. Vincent van Gogh implemented this ideology to pursue his goal of depicting his own feelings toward and involvement with his subjects. Van Gogh's portraiture focuses on color and brushstrokes to demonstrate their inner qualities and van Gogh's own relationship with them.
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...
painted portraits throughout his career from 1881 through 1890.
The Netherlands and Brussels (1881–1886)
Van Gogh was fascinated with making portraits early in his artistic career. He wrote to his brother,
Theo
Theo is a given name and a hypocorism.
Greek origin
Many names beginning with the root "Theo-" derive from the Ancient Greek word ''theos'' (''θεός''), which means god, for example:
*Feminine names: Thea, Theodora, Theodosia, Theophania, ...
while studying in
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
, "I want to do a drawing that not quite everybody will understand, the figure simplified to the essentials, with a deliberate disregard of those details that do not belong to the actual character and are merely accidental." As an example, he discussed having their parents pose for a painting, but that, in capturing the character of a "poor village clergyman" or "a couple who have grown old together in love and fidelity", they may not appreciate the work, because in doing so the painting would not be an exact likeness. Even so, he considered it a "serious matter" to focus on their character, one where his approach should be trusted.
Joseph Blok
Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo in November 1882 that he had drawn a portrait of Jozef Blok (F993), a street bookseller who was sometimes called "Binnenhof's outdoor librarian". Unlike the character studies, the work was detailed in pencil with watercolor and chalk. At this time it was rare for Van Gogh to use color, as he found it difficult to work with (see
early works of Vincent van Gogh
The earliest known works of Vincent van Gogh comprise a group of paintings and drawings that Vincent van Gogh made when he was 27 and 28, in 1881 and 1882. Over the course of the two-year period Van Gogh lived in several places. He left Brussels, ...
).
File:Jozef Blok, by Vincent van Gogh.jpg, ''Portrait of Jozef Blok (bookseller)'', watercolor, 1882, Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F993)
Peasant character studies
In November 1882 Van Gogh began drawings of individuals to depict a range of character types from the working class.
The "peasant genre" that greatly influenced Van Gogh began in the 1840s with the works of
Jean-François Millet
Jean-François Millet (; 4 October 1814 – 20 January 1875) was a French artist and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. Millet is noted for his paintings of peasant farmers and can be categorized as part of the Realism ...
,
Jules Breton
Jules Adolphe Aimé Louis Breton (1 May 1827 – 5 July 1906) was a 19th-century French naturalist painter. His paintings are heavily influenced by the French countryside and his absorption of traditional methods of painting helped make Jules ...
, and others. In 1885 Van Gogh described the painting of peasants as the most essential contribution to modern art.
Van Gogh held laborers up to a high standard of how dedicatedly he should approach painting, "One must undertake with confidence, with a certain assurance that one is doing a reasonable thing, like the farmer who drives his plow... (one who) drags the
harrow behind himself. If one hasn't a horse, one is one's own horse."
To depicting the essence of the life of the peasant and their spirit, Van Gogh lived as they lived, he was in the fields as they were, enduring the weather or long hours as they were. To do so was not something taught in schools, he noted, and became frustrated by traditionalists who focused on technique more so than the nature of the people being captured. So thoroughly engaged in living the peasant lifestyle, his appearance and manner of speech began to separate himself from others, but this was a cost he believed he needed to bear for his artistic development.
File:Van Gogh 1881-12, Etten - Scheveningen Woman Sewing F 869 JH 83.jpg, ''Woman Sewing'' Watercolor, 1881–82, P. and N. de Boer Foundation, Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
(F869)
File:Fisherman on the Beach.jpg, ''Fisherman on the Beach'', 1882, Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo
Otterlo is a village in the municipality of Ede of province of Gelderland in the Netherlands, in or near the Nationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe.
The Kröller-Müller Museum, named after Helene Kröller-Müller, is situated nearby and has the world's ...
(F5)
File:Vincent van Gogh - Fisherman's Wife - 1883-86.jpg, ''Fisherman's Wife on the Beach'', 1882, Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo
Otterlo is a village in the municipality of Ede of province of Gelderland in the Netherlands, in or near the Nationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe.
The Kröller-Müller Museum, named after Helene Kröller-Müller, is situated nearby and has the world's ...
(F6)
File:Man Stooping with Stick or Spade.jpg, ''Man Stooping with Stick or Spade'', 1882, Kuboso Memorial Museum of Arts, Izumi, Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
(F12)
File:Van Gogh - Bäuerin, sitzend, mit weißer Haube.jpeg, ''Peasant Woman, Half Figure, Seated with White Cap'', 1884, Morohashi Museum of Modern Art, Fukushima, Japan (F143)
Image:Vincent van Gogh Head of a Young Peasant in a Peaked Cap.jpg, ''Peasant from Nuenen'', 1885 Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels (F163)
File:Van Gogh - Kopf einer Frau mit offenem Haar.jpeg, ''Head of a Woman with her Hair Loose'', 1885, Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F206)
File:Van Gogh - Kopf eines Bauern mit Tonpfeife.jpeg, ''Head of a Man with a Pipe'', 1885, Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo, Netherlands (F169)
File:Van Gogh - Kopf einer alten Frau mit weißer Haube (Die Amme).jpeg, ''Head of an Old Woman with White Cap (The Midwife)'', 1885, Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F174)
File:Van Gogh - Kopf einer Bäuerin mit dunkler Haube5.jpeg, ''Head of a Peasant Woman with Dark Cap'', 1885, Private collection (F137)
''Portrait of a Woman in Blue''
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis einer Frau in Blau.jpeg, ''Portrait of Woman in Blue'' 1885 Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F207a)
''Portrait of a Woman with Red Ribbon''
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis einer Frau mit rotem Haarband.jpeg, ''Portrait of a Woman with Red Ribbon'' 1885 Private collection (F207)
''Portrait of an Old Man with Beard''
Van Gogh described his sitter for this painting a "wonderful old man." It was made in Antwerp where Van Gogh hoped to bring in money to support himself by painting portraits.
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines alten Mannes mit Bart.jpeg, ''Portrait of an Old Man with Beard''
1885
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F205)
Sien
Van Gogh made a series of paintings of
Sien Hoornik, a prostitute whom he met and took in when he lived at
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
. Included in the series are works of Sien's daughter, Maria, her newborn son and her mother.
File:Vincent van Gogh - Sorrow.jpg
File:Sien Pregnant, Walking with Older Woman 988a Vincent van Gogh.jpg
File:Sien Nursing Baby, Half-Figure F1065 Vincent van Gogh.jpg
File:Sien,-Sitting-on-a-Basket,-with-a-Girl F1072 Vincent van Gogh.jpg
File:Woman with Dark Cap (Sien's Mother).jpg
Paris (1886–1888)
Alexander Reid
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis des Kunsthändlers Alexander Reid.jpeg, ''Portrait of the Art Dealer Alexander Reid''
1887
Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum
Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum is a museum and art gallery in Glasgow, Scotland. It reopened in 2006 after a three-year refurbishment and since then has been one of Scotland's most popular visitor attractions. The museum has 22 galleries, h ...
, Glasgow, Scotland (F343)
File:Portrait d'Alexander Reid.jpg, ''Portrait of the Art Dealer Alexander Reid; Sitting in an Easy Chair'', 1886–87
Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art
The Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art is an art museum on the University of Oklahoma campus in Norman, Oklahoma.
Overview
The University of Oklahoma’s Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art holds over 20,000 objects in its permanent collection. The museum c ...
, Norman, Oklahoma (F270)
Agostina Segatori
Van Gogh occasionally visited
Café du Tambourin
Café du Tambourin was a restaurant in Paris, France. Owned by Agostina Segatori, it was first located at 27 rue de Richelieu, and then in March 1885 reopened at 62 Boulevard de Clichy. Famous painter, Jules Chéret, made a poster for the Cabare ...
run by
Agostina Segatori
Agostina Segatori (Ancona 1841–1910 Paris) was a famous model who posed for celebrated painters in Paris, France, such as Édouard Joseph Dantan, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Eugène Delacroix, Vincent van Gogh and Édoua ...
, the subject of this painting. Previously an artist's model
to
Manet
A wireless ad hoc network (WANET) or mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points ...
and
Corot
CoRoT (French: ; English: Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) was a space telescope mission which operated from 2006 to 2013. The mission's two objectives were to search for extrasolar planets with short orbital periods, particularly th ...
and others,
the Naples-born Agostina saved the money she earned working as a model and opened the Italian themed Café du Tambourin in 1885, which particularly catered to artists.
''The Italian Woman'' also called ''Le Italienne'' is "without doubt" Agostina Segatori, per the
Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
. Van Gogh introduced elements of Japanese
woodcut print
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas that ...
s in this portrait. Agostina is portrayed without shadows. Surrounding her image is an asymmetrical border with a monochromatic background. He also brings, though, his own style and energy to the work as compared to the clean lines of the Asian prints. Complementary, contrasting colors of Neo-impressionism are used to bring intensity to the work: green against red and blue standing next to orange so that the paired colors are more vivid than they would be on their own. Van Gogh creates his own style of brushstroke from Impressionism and Pointillism, in this case a "criss-cross of overlapping nervous hatching. He uses red and green in her face which he later described as a technique "to be able to express the terrible passions of humanity by means of red and green".
Image:Vincent van Gogh - In the café - Agostina Segatori in Le Tambourin - Google Art Project 2.jpg, ''Agostina Segatori Sitting in the Café du Tambourin''
1887
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F370)
File:L'italiana.jpg, ''Italian Woman'' (Agostina Segatori)
1887
Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
, Paris (F381)
Etienne-Lucien Martin
The ''Portrait of Etienne-Lucien Martin'' was made of the owner of a restaurant in Paris. He allowed artists to exhibit their work. In November 1887 Van Gogh and his friends showed their works; Van Gogh did not sell a painting. Van Gogh made the painting of Martin with care and precision. The colors within the portrait itself and the background were subdued, painted with delicate brushstrokes. The gentleman's face, though, has stripes of colors across the cheeks.
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines Mannes mit Käppchen.jpeg, ''Portrait of Lucien Martin''
1886–87
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F289)
Leonie Rose Davy-Charbuy
Art dealer Pierre Firmin-Martin, a friend of Van Gogh's brother
Theo
Theo is a given name and a hypocorism.
Greek origin
Many names beginning with the root "Theo-" derive from the Ancient Greek word ''theos'' (''θεός''), which means god, for example:
*Feminine names: Thea, Theodora, Theodosia, Theophania, ...
, displayed some of Van Gogh's paintings. ''Mother by a Cradle, Portrait of Leonie Rose Davy-Charbuy'' was made of Martin's niece who lived with her uncle. Reflective of the family's interest in art, paintings hang in the background. In the year the painting was made Theo commented that Van Gogh done a good job painting portraits but had never asked for payment.
File:Van Gogh - Frau, neben einer Wiege sitzend.jpeg, ''Mother by a Cradle, Portrait of Leonie Rose Davy-Charbuy''
1887
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F369)
''Nude study of a Little Girl''
File:Van Gogh - Akt eines sitzenden kleinen Mädchens.jpeg, ''Nude Study of a Little Girl'', Seated 1886 Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F215)
Père Tanguy
![Van Gogh - Portrait of Pere Tanguy 1887-8](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG)
''
Portrait of Père Tanguy
''Portrait of Père Tanguy'', painted by Vincent van Gogh in 1887, is one of his three paintings of Julien Tanguy. The three works demonstrate a progression in van Gogh's artistic style after his arrival in Paris. The first is somber, and formed ...
'', painted by
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...
in 1887, is one of three paintings of Julien Tanguy. The three works demonstrate a progression in Van Gogh's artistic style since arriving in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
. The first painting is somber and the composition is simple. In the second painting Van Gogh introduces his
Japanese prints
Woodblock printing in Japan (, ''mokuhanga'') is a technique best known for its use in the ''ukiyo-e'' artistic genre of single sheets, but it was also used for printing books in the same period. Widely adopted in Japan during the Edo period (160 ...
. The last and most advanced in style, skill and color reflects integration of
Japanese
Japanese may refer to:
* Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia
* Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan
* Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture
** Japanese diaspor ...
,
Impressionist
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...
, and other influences of the Parisian artist community. The painting conveys a sense of serenity that Van Gogh seeks for himself. This last painting of Tanguy is in the
Musée Rodin
The Musée Rodin ( en, Rodin Museum) in Paris, France, is a museum that was opened in 1919, primarily dedicated to the works of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. It has two sites: the Hôtel Biron and surrounding grounds in central Paris, as ...
, Paris.
Père Tanguy was a Breton who was exiled and pardoned after taking part in the Paris Commune. When Vincent van Gogh knew him, he owned a small artist's supply shop. The shop was an important to the painters of the era. Impressionist painters in Paris were commonly found in Père Tanguy's shop. Painters like Cézanne, Pissarro, and Gauguin, as well as their paintings, frequented the shop. Van Gogh painted a few portraits of Père Tanguy. This specific portrait, painted in the winter of 1887-88 of Père Tanguy is more well known because of its frontal perspective, like that of early photography. The development of photography is part of what inspired the impressionistic style. The technology to take an exact image of a person in turn created a style of painting determined to capture more than what the eye could see. Van Gogh's style was driven by this goal as well as his own interest to involve his own thoughts in the artwork.
In this portrait of Père Tanguy, van Gogh communicates his friendship with Tanguy and his own love of foreign artwork. All the while, van Gogh's portrait falls into the popular theme of portrait figures surrounded by objects at that time. Van Gogh contrasts the flat, garish colors of the stylized Japanese woodcuts with the depth of the cool tones creating Père Tanguy's portrait. However, he manages to tie these two ideas together by implementing warm, bright highlights in Père Tanguy's face, hat, and hands. The angles in Tanguy's posture are also mimicked in the Japanese woodcuts. This combination shows the relationship that van Gogh saw between his friend, the shop owner, and van Gogh's pleasant experiences with exotic art.
Tanguy's visage is a pivotal feature of the painting. The emphasis on varying skin tones, highlights, and lowlights create a recognizable person. This and spirit of the painting centering from Tanguy's gaze is a stark contrast from the faces of the Japanese woodcuts. This depiction of the east and west in contrast show van Gogh's understanding of essential differences between art from the Far East and Europe.
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis Père Tanguy.jpeg, ''Portrait of Père Tanguy''
1886–87
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (F263)
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis Père Tanguy1.jpeg, ''Portrait of Père Tanguy'', The second painting of Père Tanguy
1887-88
Private collection of Philip Niarchos or Tate Gallery, London (F364)
''Portrait of a Man''
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines Mannes.jpeg, ''Portrait of a Man'' 1886 National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria (F209)
''Portrait of a Man with a Moustache''
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines Mannes mit Schnurrbart.jpeg, ''Portrait of a Man with a Moustache'' 1886–87 Location unknown (F288)
''Portrait of a Woman''
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis einer Frau (Madame Tangux).jpeg, ''Portrait of a Woman'' (Madame Tanguy?) 1886–87 Kunstmuseum, Basel (F357)
''Portrait of a Woman, Facing Right''
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis einer Frau.jpeg, ''Portrait of a Woman, Facing Right'' 1886 Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F215b)
''The Smoker''
Image:Van Gogh The Smoker.jpg, ''The Smoker'', 1887
Oil on canvas, 60 x 49 cm
Barnes Foundation
The Barnes Foundation is an art collection and educational institution promoting the appreciation of art and horticulture. Originally in Merion, the art collection moved in 2012 to a new building on Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia, Penn ...
, Philadelphia
''Woman Sitting in the Grass''
File:Van Gogh - Frau, im Gras sitzend.jpeg, ''Woman Sitting in the Grass'' 1887 Private collection (F367)
Arles (1888–1889)
![Vincent Willem van Gogh 028](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_028.jpg)
Van Gogh went to Arles for the sun, color and country lifestyle but more than anything else "what I really hope to do is paint a good portrait."
Doctor Rey
According to Doiteau and Leroy, one day Van Gogh wanted to present a painting he had just finished to Dr. Rey. But the doctor refused the gift, so Van Gogh offered the painting to the pharmacist of the hospital just passing by, a Mr Rousseau. He, too, refused and so the next passer-by, the administrator of the hospital, was offered the painting – and he, a certain Mr Neuvière, is said to have accepted.
Rey later reminisced: "When I saw that he outlined my head entirely in green (he had only two main colors, red and green), that he painted my hair and my mustache--I really did not have red hair--in a blazing red on a biting green background, I was simply horrified ..."
Image:Vincent van Gogh - Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey (F500).jpg, ''Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey''
January 1889
Pushkin Museum, Moscow, Russia (F500)
The Ginoux Family
Marie Ginoux, born Jullian (or Julien) in Arles (June 8, 1848 - August 2, 1911), and her husband Joseph (1835–1906) married February 2, 1866, and ran the Café de la Gare, at 30 Place Lamartine.
File:LArlesienneWithBooks.jpg, ''L'Arlesienne: Madame Ginoux with Books''
1888
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
, New York, New York (F488)
File:LArlesienneWithGlovesAndUmbrella.jpg, ''L'Arlesienne: Portrait of Madame Ginoux''
1888
Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
, Paris, France (F489)
File:Vincent van Gogh - L'Arlesienne (Madame Ginoux).jpg, ''L'Arlesienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)''
1890
Museum of Modern Art, Rome, Italy (F540)
File:LArlesienne Madame Ginoux1.jpg, ''L'Arlesienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)''
1890
Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo, Netherlands (F541)
File:Van Gogh - A Arlesiana.jpg, ''L'Arlesienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)''
1890
São Paulo Museum of Modern Art, Brazil (F542)
File:LArlesienne Madame Ginoux4.jpg, ''L'Arlesienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)''
1890
Private Collection (F543)
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines Mannes1.jpeg, ''Portrait of Joseph-Michel Ginoux''
1888
Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo, Netherlands (F533)
''La Mousmé''
''La Mousmé'' was painted by
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...
in 1888 while living in
Arles
Arles (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Arle ; Classical la, Arelate) is a coastal city and commune in the South of France, a subprefecture in the Bouches-du-Rhône department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in the former province of ...
, which Van Gogh dubbed "the
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
of the south". Retreating from the city, he hoped that his time in Arles would evoke in his work the simple, yet dramatic expression of Japanese art. Inspired by
Pierre Loti
Pierre Loti (; pseudonym of Louis Marie-Julien Viaud ; 14 January 1850 – 10 June 1923) was a French naval officer and novelist, known for his exotic novels and short stories.This article is derived largely from the ''Encyclopædia Britannica El ...
's novel ''Madame Chrysanthème'' and Japanese artwork, Vincent painted ''La Mousmé,'' a well-dressed Japanese girl. The audience is drawn in by his use of contracting patterns and colors that bring in an energy and intensity to the work.
Image:Vangogh mousme.jpg, '' La Mousmé'', July 1888
Oil on canvas, 74 x 60 cm
National Gallery of Art
The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...
, Washington D.C.
''The Zouave''
Van Gogh, excited to have a model for a portrait, worked on the portraits of a
Zouave in June 1888 in Arles. Van Gogh described him as a boy, with a small face, large neck and intense eyes. A half-length portrait was made of the tanned man with bright colors he called a "savage combination of incongruous tones". The Zouave's uniform was blue with red-orange braids, a red cap and two yellow stars on his chest, all placed against the background of a green door and orange bricks. Unsatisfied with the painting, he called it "ugly and unsuccessful", but thought the challenge might expand his artistic skill. Van Gogh also made a drawing, of which he was not particularly pleased, and a painting of the Zouave against a white wall.
Image:Vincent Willem van Gogh 026.jpg, ''Le Zouave''
June 1888
Oil on canvas, 82 x 65 cm
Private collection (F424)
Image:Van Gogh - Der Zuave (Halbfigur).jpeg, ''Le Zouave (half-figure)''
June 1888
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F423)
File:Van Gogh - Der Zuave (Halbfigur)1.jpeg, ''The Zouave'', watercolor, 1888, Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
, New York (F1482)
''Head of a Girl''
This portrait, and The Zouave, was one of the two portraits by van Gogh in 1888 of anonymous subjects, that he sent to his Australian artist friend John Russell. Like ''The Zouave'', Van Gogh compared his subject to an animal. He called the girl "a dirty mudlark".
Image:GUGG Head of a Girl.jpg, ''Head of a Girl'', Late June 1888
Reed pen and ink on wove paper, 18 x 19.5 cm
Guggenheim Museum
The Guggenheim Museums are a group of museums in different parts of the world established (or proposed to be established) by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.
Museums in this group include:
Locations
Americas
* The Solomon R. Guggenhei ...
''The Lover'': Paul-Eugène Milliet
Paul-Eugène Milliet was a 2nd Lieutenant at the 3rd
Zouave Regiment which had quarters at the Caserne Calvin located on Boulevard des Lices in Arles. Vincent van Gogh gave him drawing lessons, and in return Milliet took a roll of paintings by Van Gogh to Paris, when in mid August he was passing the French capital on his way to the North, where Milliet spent his holidays. On his return to Arles, at the end of September 1888, Milliet handed over a batch of
Ukiyo-e
Ukiyo-e is a genre of Japanese art which flourished from the 17th through 19th centuries. Its artists produced woodblock prints and paintings
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surfac ...
woodcuts and other prints selected by Vincent's brother Theo from their collection. In the days that followed Vincent executed this portrait of Milliet.
In the first version of Van Gogh's ''
Bedroom in Arles
''Bedroom in Arles'' (french: link=no, La Chambre à Arles; nl, Slaapkamer te Arles) is the title given to each of three similar paintings by 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh.
Van Gogh's own title for this compos ...
'', executed in October 1888, Milliet's portrait is shown hanging to the right of the portrait of
Eugène Boch
Eugène Boch (1 September 1855 – 3 January 1941) was a Belgian painter, born in Saint-Vaast, La Louvière, Hainaut. He was the younger brother of Anna Boch, a founding member of Les XX.
Life
Eugène Boch was born into the fifth generation ...
.
Decades later, when Milliet had retired to the 7th arrondissement in Paris, his memories of Van Gogh were recorded by Pierre Weiller, at this time living on lease in a building owned by Milliet, and published in 1955, after Milliet's death.
Image:Vincent Willem van Gogh 094.jpg, Paul-Eugène Milliet (''The Lover''), 1888
Oil on canvas, 60 x 49 cm
Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo (F473)
File:Vincent van Gogh - De slaapkamer - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Bedroom in Arles'' (1st Version)
''The Mudlark''
''Girl with Ruffled Hair (The Mudlark)'' was painted by Van Gogh when he lived in Arles. The work resides at Musée des Beaux-Arts,
La Chaux-de-Fonds
La Chaux-de-Fonds () is a Swiss city in the canton of Neuchâtel. It is located in the Jura mountains at an altitude of 1000 m, a few kilometers south of the French border. After Geneva, Lausanne and Fribourg, it is the fourth largest city l ...
,
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
(F535). See also
Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)
Vincent van Gogh enjoyed making Paintings of Children. He once said that it's the only thing that "excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else." Painting children, in particular represented ...
.
Image:Van Gogh - Kopf eines Mädchens.jpg, ''Girl with Ruffled Hair (The Mudlark),'' Musée des Beaux-Arts, La Chaux-de-Fonds
La Chaux-de-Fonds () is a Swiss city in the canton of Neuchâtel. It is located in the Jura mountains at an altitude of 1000 m, a few kilometers south of the French border. After Geneva, Lausanne and Fribourg, it is the fourth largest city l ...
, Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
(F535).
''Old Woman of Arles''
Van Gogh's ''Old woman of Arles'' was made soon after he arrived in Arles. He wrote to his brother Theo, "I believe that there are real opportunities for portraiture here. While people here are enormously ignorant of painting in general, when it comes to their own appearance and their own lives, they are much more artistic than in the North."
File:Van Gogh - Alte Frau aus Arles.jpeg, ''An Old Woman of Arles''
1888
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam, Netherlands (F390)
''One-eyed Man''
The ''One-eyed Man'' is a portrait of a patient at the
Saint-Paul asylum
Monastery of Saint-Paul de Mausole (french: monastère Saint-Paul-de-Mausole) is a former monastery in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Provence, France. Several rooms of the building have been converted into a museum to Vincent van Gogh, who stayed ther ...
in Saint-Rémy. Van Gogh used sweeping brushstrokes in the painting made with green in the background, the man's coat and touches in his face. In the hospital Van Gogh found that in the presence of other patients he became more calm about his mental state. In a letter to his mother he wrote, "At the moment I am working on a portrait of one of the patients here. It is odd that if one is with them for a time, and has grown used to them, one no longer thinks them mad."
Since Van Gogh was not in Saint-Paul's until 1889, possibly the patient and artwork that Van Gogh referred to in the letter to his mother was about
''Portrait of a Patient''.
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines einäugigen Mannes.jpeg, ''Portrait of a One-Eyed Man''
1888
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F532)
Paul Gauguin
File:Vincent van Gogh - Paul Gauguin (Man in a Red Beret).jpg, ''Paul Gauguin (Man in a Red Beret)''
1888
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam (F546)
''The Poet'': Eugène Boch
Eugène Boch
Eugène Boch (1 September 1855 – 3 January 1941) was a Belgian painter, born in Saint-Vaast, La Louvière, Hainaut. He was the younger brother of Anna Boch, a founding member of Les XX.
Life
Eugène Boch was born into the fifth generation ...
(1855–1941) was a Belgian painter, born in Saint-Vaast, Hainaut, who was the younger brother of
Anna Boch, a founding member of
Les XX
''Les XX'' ( French; "''Les Vingt''"; ; ) was a group of twenty Belgian painters, designers and sculptors, formed in 1883 by the Brussels lawyer, publisher, and entrepreneur Octave Maus. For ten years, they held an annual exhibition of their ar ...
. Born into a wealthy dynasty of manufacturers of fine china and ceramics, still active today under the firm of
Villeroy & Boch
Villeroy & Boch (, ) is a German manufacturer of ceramics, with the company headquarters located in Mettlach, Saarland.
History
The company began in the tiny Lorraine village of Audun le Tiche, where the iron master François Boch set up a pott ...
, Eugène Boch enrolled in the private atelier of
Léon Bonnat
Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat (20 June 1833 – 8 September 1922) was a French painter, Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur and professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts.
Early life
Bonnat was born in Bayonne, but from 1846 to 1853 he lived in M ...
in Paris, in 1879. Since 1882, when Bonnat closed his atelier, he studied at the atelier of
Fernand Cormon
Fernand Cormon (24 December 1845 – 20 March 1924) was a French painter born in Paris. He became a pupil of Alexandre Cabanel, Eugène Fromentin, and Jean-François Portaels, and one of the leading historical painters of modern France.
Biogra ...
. Paintings of him were admitted to the Salon in 1882, 1883 and 1885. In June 1888, he was introduced by
Dodge MacKnight
Dodge Macknight (''né'' William Dodge MacKnight; 1 October 1860 Providence, Rhode Island – 23 May 1950 East Sandwich, Massachusetts) was an American painter.
Career
MacKnight's work falls under the post-Impressionism, an art movement that ...
to
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...
.
The portrait was executed in the first days of September 1888, a few days before Boch's departure. In the first version of Van Gogh's
Bedroom, executed in October 1888, this portrait is shown hanging to the left of the portrait of
Paul-Eugène Milliet. Arranged this way, both portraits may have formed part of the ''
Décoration for the Yellow House
''Décoration for the Yellow House'' was the main project Vincent van Gogh focused on in Arles, from August 1888 until his breakdown the day before Christmas. This ''Décoration'' had no pre-defined form or size; the central ''idea of the Décor ...
''.
When Eugène Boch died in 1941, he bequeathed
''The Poet'' (that is Van Gogh's title for his portrait of Eugène Boch, which Boch received from Johanna van Gogh-Bonger as a present in July 1891) to the Louvre.
File:Van Gogh Portrait Eugene Boch.jpg, Eugène Boch
Eugène Boch (1 September 1855 – 3 January 1941) was a Belgian painter, born in Saint-Vaast, La Louvière, Hainaut. He was the younger brother of Anna Boch, a founding member of Les XX.
Life
Eugène Boch was born into the fifth generation ...
(''The Poet''), 1888
Oil on canvas, 60 x 45 cm
Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
, Paris (F462)
''Portrait of the Artist's Mother''
''Portrait of the Artist's Mother'' is a painting Vincent van Gogh made in 1888 of his mother, Anna Carbentus van Gogh, from a black-and-white photograph. In September 1888, Van Gogh, answering to a letter of his sister Wil who had told him of a recent photograph of their mother, asked for a print. About a week later he received it, but "troubled by the black," sat down to paint a copy based on this likeness: Van Gogh's initial introduction to art was through his mother, an amateur artist. After years of strained relationship with family members, Van Gogh excitedly shared some of his works his mother would cherish most, those of flowers and natural settings. In this painting of his mother, Van Gogh captures her dignified, proud nature.
Van Gogh made the painting, ''
Memory of the Garden at Etten'', to depict an older woman who he envisioned as his mother and a younger woman in a plaid shawl to represent his sister Wil and the lovely gardens of the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
. In a letter to his sister
Wil
Wil () is the capital of the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
Wil is the third largest city in the Canton of St. Gallen, after the city of St. Gallen and Rapperswil-Jona, a twin city that merged in ...
, Van Gogh said he had "an impression of you like those in
Dicken's novels."
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis der Mutter des Künstlers.jpeg, ''Portrait of Artist's Mother''
October 1888
The Norton Simon Museum of Art, Pasadena, California (F477)
File:Vincent Willem van Gogh 098.jpg, ''Memory of the Garden at Etten (Ladies of Arles)''
1888
The Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia (F496)
The Roulin Family
The Roulin Family is group of portrait paintings that Vincent van Gogh executed in Arles in 1888 and 1889 of Joseph, his wife Augustine and their three children: Armand, Camille and Marcelle. This series is unique in many ways. Although Van Gogh loved to paint portraits, it was difficult for financial and other reasons for him to find models. So, finding an entire family that agreed to sit for paintings, in fact for several sittings each was a bounty. Joseph Roulin became a particularly good, loyal and supporting friend to Van Gogh during his stay in Arles. To represent a man he truly admired was important to him. The family, with children ranging in age from four months to seventeen years, also gave him the opportunity to produces works of individuals in several different stages of life. Rather than making photographic-like works, Van Gogh used his imagination, colors and themes artistically and creatively to evoke desired emotions from the audience.
''Le Facteur'': Joseph Roulin
![Vincent van Gogh - Portret van de postbode Joseph Roulin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg)
While Van Gogh was living in Arles, Joseph Roulin was working at the railway station, both places close to their lodgings: Roulin and his family in a dead-end street, and Van Gogh just around the corner, at 2 Place Lamartine - and both frequented the Café run by the Ginoux couple, some footsteps further; there Van Gogh had lodged, before he moved to the Yellow House. Roulin was married to Augustine. They had three children: Armand, Camille and Marcelle. Van Gogh painted each of Roulin's family members several times between 1888–1889.
While in Arles, Vincent van Gogh became friends with the postman. Van Gogh painted several portraits of Roulin and his family. Roulin's “silent gravity and tenderness,” and his “strangely pure and touching” voice inspired van Gogh to paint him, commemorating their friendship. Van gogh painted this portrait with oil paints on a canvas in July 1888.
Formally, the vast blue expanse of Roulin's coat takes the stage. The lack of contrasting colors within the blue coat and pants makes the plane lack depth. This official tone contrasts with Roulin's personality. The warm skin tones and vibrant reds, yellows, and greens in Roulin's thick beard are a tribute to the friendship van Gogh feels for the postman. This is a theme in post-impressionism; to paint feelings and ideas not otherwise visible using vibrant colors and brush strokes. Van Gogh emphasizes pinks in Roulin's cheeks, lights in Roulin's eyes, and the gentility of his hands to demonstrate aspects of Roulin's personality. The use of color, lighting, and brush stroke show the candour and intelligence van Gogh saw in the postman Roulin.
Image:Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1888) van Gogh Winterthur.jpg, ''The Father'' or ''Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin,'' November–December 1888, Kunstmuseum Winterthur
The Kunst Museum Winterthur (English: The Winterthur Museum of Art) is an art museum in Winterthur, Switzerland run by the local ''Kunstverein''. From its beginnings, the activities of the Kunstverein Winterthur were focused on contemporary art - ...
, Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
(F434)
File:Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1888) van Gogh Getty.jpg, Drawing after the second version, Getty Museum
The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an art museum in Los Angeles, California housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa.
The Getty Center is located in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles and fe ...
File:Van Gogh Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin.jpg, ''Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin,'' April 1888, Barnes Foundation, Merion Station, PA (F435)
Augustine
''Augustine Roulin'' was born on 9 October 1851 in Lambesc and died on 5 April 1930.
After her husband had posed for several works with van Gogh, Augustine sat for Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin in the Yellow House the two men shared. During the sitting, she kept her gaze on Gauguin, possibly for reassurance because, according to her daughter, she was not comfortable in the presence of van Gogh.
File:Portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin 1888 van Gogh Winterthur.jpg, ''The Mother'' or ''Portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin,'' Nov-Dec 1888, Oskar Reinhart Collection "Am Römerholz", Winterthur (F503)
File: Paul Gauguin - Madame Roulin.jpg, Paul Gauguin
Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (, ; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French Post-Impressionist artist. Unappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of colour and Synthetist style that were distinct fr ...
, ''Portrait of Madame Roulin''
''La Berceuse'' (Augustine)
![Van Gogh - La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Van_Gogh_-_La_Berceuse_%28Augustine_Roulin%29.jpeg/1200px-Van_Gogh_-_La_Berceuse_%28Augustine_Roulin%29.jpeg)
In addition to the mother-daughter works where Marcelle is visible, Van Gogh also created several ''La Berceuse'' works where Augustine rocked her unseen cradle by a string.
Van Gogh labeled the group of work ''La Berceuse'' meaning "our lullaby or the woman rocking the cradle."
File:La Berceuse Augustine Roulin Otterlo.jpg, ''La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin),'' December 1888, Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo
Otterlo is a village in the municipality of Ede of province of Gelderland in the Netherlands, in or near the Nationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe.
The Kröller-Müller Museum, named after Helene Kröller-Müller, is situated nearby and has the world's ...
, Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
(F504)
File:Vincent Willem van Gogh 084.jpg, ''La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin),'' Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA) is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works ...
(F unk)
File:La Berceuse 1889 van Gogh Stedelijk Museum.jpg, ''La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin),'' March 1889, Stedelijk Museum
The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam (; Municipal Museum Amsterdam), colloquially known as the Stedelijk, is a museum for modern art, contemporary art, and design located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. , Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
, Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
(F507)
File:La Berceuse - 1889.jpg, ''La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin),'' January 1889, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
, New York (F505)
Armand
Armand Roulin, the eldest son, was born on 5 May 1871 in Lambesc, and died on 14 November 1945. He was 17 years of age when portrayed by Van Gogh.
File:Vincent Willem van Gogh 088.jpg, ''Portrait of Armand Roulin,'' 1888, Museum Folkwang, Essen (F492)
Image:Vincent Willem van Gogh 087.jpg, ''Portrait of Armand Roulin,'' 1888, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Municipal Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen () is an art museum in Rotterdam in the Netherlands. The name of the museum is derived from the two most important collectors of Frans Jacob Otto Boijmans and Daniël George van Beuningen. It is located at ...
, Rotterdam
Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...
(F493)
File:Vincent Willem van Gogh 055.jpg, ''Young Man with a Cap (Armand Roulin),'' 1888, Private Collection, Zürich, Switzerland (F536)
Camille
Camille Roulin, the middle child, was born in
Lambesc
Lambesc () is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. In 2018, it had a population of 9,799.
Lambesc is located in the heart of Provence at the foot of the Côtes mountain ra ...
in southern France, on 10 July 1877, and died on 4 June 1922.
When his portrait was painted, Camille was eleven years of age. The Van Gogh Museum painting
shows Camille's head and shoulders. Yellow brush strokes behind him are evocative of the sun.
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis Camile Roulin.jpeg, ''Portrait of Camille Roulin,'' 1888, Oil on Canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art
The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA) is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin Fr ...
, Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(F537).
Image:Portrait of Camille Roulin 1888 Vincent van Gogh.jpg, ''Portrait of Camille Roulin,'' 1888, Oil on Canvas, 40.5 X 32.5 cm, Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
, Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
(F538)
File:Vincent Willem van Gogh 100.jpg, '' The Schoolboy with Uniform Cap (Camille Roulin),'' early December 1888, Museu de Arte de São Paulo, São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...
, Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
(F665)
Marcelle
![Van Gogh - Madame Augustine Roulin mit Baby1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Van_Gogh_-_Madame_Augustine_Roulin_mit_Baby1.jpeg)
Marcelle Roulin, the youngest child, was born on 31 July 1888, and four months old, when Van Gogh made her portraits.
She was painted three times by herself and twice on her mother's lap.
Madame Roulin's husband, the postman, was good friends with Vincent van Gogh while they were both in Arles. The portrait of Madame Roulin and her baby was painted through November and December 1888. Although an infant so young could have hardly posed for long, van Gogh managed to implicate his style of marking his subjects with the events of their lives. This portrait does not idealize the infant, but manages to capture the essence of the newborn. The child does not possess the cherub like qualities of babies depicted in the rococo style, but the definition of the contours of the cheeks are undeniably infantile. The expressions of pale pinks, blues, and yellows, in the baby's face show van Gogh's intent to demonstrate the nature of the skin. Madame Roulin, the mother, joins the portrait in two important ways. Madame Roulin's hands are positioned, delicately holding her child. Van Gogh's attention to their positioning and the light and color that make up her skin highlights the figurative idea of the hands. The details make the viewer conscious of the hands that care for the baby. Secondly Madame Roulin's profile appears as a part of the stark yellow background. The outline of her figure mimics the contour of the baby and establishes a strong connection between mother and child.
File:Van Gogh - Marcelle Roulin als Baby.jpeg, ''Roulin's Baby,'' 1888, Oil on Canvas, National Gallery of Art
The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...
, Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
(F440)
File:Van Gogh - Marcelle Roulin als Baby1.jpeg, ''Portrait of Marcelle Roulin,'' 1888, Oil on Canvas, 35 X 24.5 cm, Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum () is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opene ...
, Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
, Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
(F441)
File:Van Gogh - Marcelle Roulin als Baby2.jpeg, ''Portrait of Marcelle Roulin,'' 1888, Oil on Canvas, Fondation Socindec, Vaduz
Vaduz ( or , High Alemannic pronunciation: [])Hans Stricker, Toni Banzer, Herbert Hilbe: ''Liechtensteiner Namenbuch. Die Orts- und Flurnamen des Fürstentums Liechtenstein.'' Band 2: ''Die Namen der Gemeinden Triesenberg, Vaduz, Schaan.'' Hrsg. ...
, Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarchy ...
(F441a)
''Vieux Paysan'': Patience Escalier
![Vincent Willem van Gogh 086](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_086.jpg)
Patience Escalier was a gardener and a shephard by trade, and his portrait the result of Van Gogh's desire to paint an older peasant who resembled his father in features.
There are two versions of this portrait. One held by the
Norton Simon Museum
The Norton Simon Museum is an art museum located in Pasadena, California, United States. It was previously known as the Pasadena Art Institute and the Pasadena Art Museum and displays numerous sculptures on its grounds.
Overview
The Norton Sim ...
in Pasadena, California, and the other in the private collection of
Philip Niarchos
Philip Niarchos (alternately: Philippos or Philippe; el, Φίλιππος Νιάρχος) (born 1954) is a Greek billionaire, the eldest son of the Greek shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos and Eugenia Livanos, herself the elder ...
.
File:Vincent Van Gogh 0023.jpg, ''Old Peasant (Patience Escalier)'', Drawing in pen and ink, September 1888, Fogg Art Museum
The Harvard Art Museums are part of Harvard University and comprise three museums: the Fogg Museum (established in 1895), the Busch-Reisinger Museum (established in 1903), and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum (established in 1985), and four research ...
, Cambridge, MA (F1460)
Saint-Rémy-en-Provence (1889–1890)
The Trabuc Family
François Trabuc, who was the chief orderly at Saint-Paul, and his wife, Jeanne both sat for van Gogh. François Trabuc had a look of "contemplative calm" which van Gogh found interesting in spite of the misery he had witness at Saint-Paul and a Marseilles hospital during outbreaks of cholera. He wrote to Theo of Trabuc's character, a military presence and "small keen black eyes". If it were not for his intelligence and kindness, his eyes could seem like that of a bird of prey.
Image:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_093.jpg, ''François Trabuc''
Image:Van Gogh - Bildnis Madame Trabuc.jpeg, ''Jeanne Trabuc'' (b/w copy)
''Portrait of a Patient''
While in Saint-Paul, Van Gogh wrote of other patients and their support for one another, "Though here there are some patients very seriously ill, the fear and horror of madness that I used to have has already lessened a great deal. And though here you continually hear terrible cries and howls like beasts in a menagerie, in spite of that people get to know each other very well and help each other when their attacks come on."
Image:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines Patienten im Hospital Saint-Paul.jpeg, ''Portrait of a Patient in Saint-Paul''
Auvers-sur-Oise (1890)
The Gachet Family
![Portrait of Dr](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet.jpg)
''Portrait of Dr. Gachet'' is one of the most revered paintings by
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
artist
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...
of Dr.
Paul Gachet
Paul-Ferdinand Gachet (30 July 1828 – 9 January 1909) was a French physician most famous for treating the painter Vincent van Gogh during his last weeks in Auvers-sur-Oise. Gachet was a great supporter of artists and the Impressionist movement ...
, who took care of him in his last months. In 1990, it fetched a record price of $82.5 million ($75 million, plus a 10 percent buyer's commission).
Dr. Gachet was also an artist of the Impressionist era. He was an amateur painter and engraver. Vincent van Gogh went to the doctor for medical care. Van Gogh saw himself in the doctor; like himself, he saw in Dr. Gachet “the heart-broken expression of our time.” Similar to many of van Gogh's portraits, the painting is a study not of the physical features of the man, but of the inner qualities of the doctor's personality. The portrait of Dr. Gachet notes all the tiniest details of his appearance and depicts them in the way that van Gogh sees them. The characteristics of the doctor's image are all freely painted so that the viewer may see them the same way that van Gogh does.
Image:Vincent van Gogh - Dr Paul Gachet - Google Art Project.jpg, Paul-Ferdinand Gachet, 1890
Oil on canvas, 68 x 57 cm
Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
, Paris
Image:Vincent Willem van Gogh 073.jpg, ''Marguerite Gachet'', 1890
Oil on canvas, 102 x 50 cm
Kunstmuseum, Basel
File:Marguerite Gachet in the garden.jpg, ''Marguerite Gachet in the Garden'' 1890 Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France (F756)
Adeline Ravoux
![Vincent Willem van Gogh 085](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Portrait_of_Adeline_Ravoux%2C_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg)
''
Portrait of Adeline Ravoux'' was painted by
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
post-impressionist artist
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...
in 1890.
The twelve-year-old Adeline Ravoux was the daughter of Arthur-Gustave Ravoux, whose inn is where Van Gogh lodged in
Auvers-sur-Oise. She later wrote a memoir of Van Gogh's stay with them. She witnessed Van Gogh's return to the inn after the fatal incident where he shot himself: "Vincent walked bent, holding his stomach, again exaggerating his habit of holding one shoulder higher than the other. Mother asked him: " M. Vincent, we were anxious, we are happy to see you to return; have you had a problem?" He replied in a suffering voice: "No, but I have…" he did not finish, crossed the hall, took the staircase and climbed to his bedroom. I was witness to this scene. Vincent made on us such a strange impression that Father got up and went to the staircase to see if he could hear anything." See also
Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)
Vincent van Gogh enjoyed making Paintings of Children. He once said that it's the only thing that "excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else." Painting children, in particular represented ...
.
A sheet of figure studies F1652r has at its upper left the profile of a young girl recognizably Adeline Ravoux. The young girl seen from behind to the left is assumed to be her as well. She is thought to appear in a number of other paintings, including especially
F819 ''Two Ladies Walking in a Landscape''. The sheet fetched $480,000 at a
Christie's
Christie's is a British auction house founded in 1766 by James Christie (auctioneer), James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's in London, at Rockefeller Center in New York City and at Alexandra House in Hong Kong. It is ...
sale in 2007.
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis Adeline Ravoux2.jpeg, ''Portrait of Adeline Ravoux''
June 1890
Private collection (F769)
File:Adeline Ravoux, by Vincent van Gogh, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.31.jpg, ''Portrait of Adeline Ravoux''
June 1890
Cleveland Museum of Art
The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on the city's east side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian ...
, Cleveland
Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. ...
, Ohio (F768)
File:Vincent van Gogh - Sheet with Many Sketches of Figures - F1652R JH2071.jpg, ''Sheet with Many Sketches of Figures''
July 1890
Private collection (F1652r)
''Child with Orange''
See also
Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)
Vincent van Gogh enjoyed making Paintings of Children. He once said that it's the only thing that "excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else." Painting children, in particular represented ...
.
File:Van Gogh Kind mit Orange.jpeg, ''Child with Orange'', June–July 1890, Private Collection (F785)
''Girl in White''
''Girl in White'' also known as ''Young Girl Standing Against a Background of Wheat'' and ''Woman in a Cornfield'' was painted by Vincent van Gogh in 1890 in Auvers-sur-Oise, France during the last months of his life. Girl in White has been part of the Chester Dale Collection in the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. since 1963.
File:Girl in White by Vincent Van Gogh - NGA.jpg
''Little Arlesienne''
The ''Little Arlesienne (Head of a Girl)'' is found at the Kröller-Müller Museum. See also
Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)
Vincent van Gogh enjoyed making Paintings of Children. He once said that it's the only thing that "excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else." Painting children, in particular represented ...
.
File:Van Gogh - Die kleine Arlésienne.jpeg, ''The Little Arlesienne (Head of a Girl)''
1890
Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum () is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of ...
, Otterlo, Netherlands (F518)
''Young Peasant Woman with Straw Hat''
''Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat'' is an 1890 painting by Vincent van Gogh. Van Gogh went on to paint several versions of this painting. The painting has changed hands several times. In 1997, Stephen Wynn paid $47.5 million for the painting. On October 7, 2005, it was announced that Stephen Wynn had sold the painting along with Gauguin's ''Bathers'' to Steven A. Cohen for more than $100 million.
File:Van Gogh - Junge Bäuerin mit Strohhut, vor einem Weizenfeld sitzend.jpeg, ''Young Peasant Woman with Straw Hat Sitting in the Wheat''
June 1890
Private Collection (F774)
''Two Children''
''Two Young Girls'', also called ''Two Children'' is owned by Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Another version of ''Two Children'' is part of a private collection (F784). See also
Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)
Vincent van Gogh enjoyed making Paintings of Children. He once said that it's the only thing that "excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else." Painting children, in particular represented ...
.
File:Van Gogh - Zwei Kinder.jpeg, ''Two Young Girls'' or ''Two Children'', 1890, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France (F783)
File:Van Gogh - Zwei Kinder1.jpeg, ''Two Children'', 1890, Private Collection (F784)
''Young Man with Cornflower''
The ''Young Man with Cornflower'' was made in June 1890 in Auvers. See also
Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)
Vincent van Gogh enjoyed making Paintings of Children. He once said that it's the only thing that "excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else." Painting children, in particular represented ...
.
File:Van Gogh - Bildnis eines jungen Mannes mit Kornblume.jpeg, ''Young Man with Cornflower''
June 1890
Private collection, (F787)
Resources
Notes
References
* ''Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits'', with contributions by Roland Dorn, George S. Keyes,
Joseph J. Rishel with Katherine Sachs, George T. M. Shackelford, Lauren Soth, Judy Sund, and a chronology by Katherine Sachs, Detroit Institute of Arts & Thames and Hudson, 2000
See also
*
List of works by Vincent van Gogh
*
Self-portraits by Vincent van Gogh
The portraits of Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) are the self-portraits, portraits of him by other artists, and photographs—one of which is dubious—of the Dutch artist. Van Gogh's dozens of self-portraits were an important part of his ''œuvre' ...
*
Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)
Vincent van Gogh enjoyed making Paintings of Children. He once said that it's the only thing that "excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else." Painting children, in particular represented ...
External links
''Père Tanguy'' Vincent van Gogh, on the official website of the Musée Rodin.
''The Harvesters'' Vincent van Gogh, on the official website of the Musée Rodin.
Eugene Boch.com - website on Van Gogh´s friend painted as the poet''Van Gogh, paintings and drawings: a special loan exhibition'' a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, which contains material on these portraits (see index)
{{Vincent van Gogh
Series of paintings by Vincent van Gogh
1880s paintings
van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, inc ...
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