Demographic economics or population economics is the application of

economic An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

analysis to

demography Demography () is the statistics, statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demographic analysis examines and measures the dimensions and Population dynamics, dynamics of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups ...

, the study of human

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

s, including

size Size in general is the Magnitude (mathematics), magnitude or dimensions of a thing. More specifically, ''geometrical size'' (or ''spatial size'') can refer to linear dimensions (length, width, height, diameter, perimeter), area, or volume ...

growth Growth may refer to: Biology * Auxology, the study of all aspects of human physical growth * Bacterial growth * Cell growth * Growth hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates growth * Human development (biology) * Plant growth * Secondary growth ...

density Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is the substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ''ρ'' (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter ''D'' can also be used. Mathematical ...

distribution Distribution may refer to: Mathematics *Distribution (mathematics), generalized functions used to formulate solutions of partial differential equations * Probability distribution, the probability of a particular value or value range of a vari ...

, and vital statistics.

Aspects

Aspects of the subject include * marriage and

fertility Fertility is the capability to produce offspring through reproduction following the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born by a female during her lifetime and is quantified demographically. Fertili ...

* the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

* divorce *

morbidity A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...

and

life expectancy Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, current age, and other demographic factors like sex. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth ...

/mortality *

dependency ratio The dependency ratio is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force (the ''dependent'' part ages 0 to 14 and 65+) and those typically in the labor force (the ''productive'' part ages 15 to 64). It is used to measure the press ...

s * migration *

population growth Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...

* population size *

public policy Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs. Public p ...

* the

demographic transition In demography, demographic transition is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to l ...

from "

population explosion Overpopulation or overabundance is a phenomenon in which a species' population becomes larger than the carrying capacity of its environment. This may be caused by increased birth rates, lowered mortality rates, reduced predation or large scale m ...

" to (dynamic) stability or

decline Decline may refer to: *Decadence, involves a perceived decay in standards, morals, dignity, religious faith, or skill over time * "Decline" (song), 2017 song by Raye and Mr Eazi * ''The Decline'' (EP), an EP by NOFX *The Decline (band), Australian ...

. Other subfields include measuring

value of life The value of life is an economic value used to quantify the benefit of avoiding a fatality. It is also referred to as the cost of life, value of preventing a fatality (VPF), implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), and value of a statistical li ...

and the economics of the elderly and the handicapped and of gender, race, minorities, and non-labor discrimination. In coverage and subfields, it complements labor economics and implicates a variety of other economics subjects. __NOTOC__

Subareas

The ''

Journal of Economic Literature The ''Journal of Economic Literature'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal, published by the American Economic Association, that surveys the academic literature in economics. It was established in 1963 as the ''Journal of Economic Abstracts'',

'' classification codes are a way of categorizing subjects in economics. There, demographic economics is paired with labour economics as one of 19 primary classifications at JEL: J.Of which a complete list for JEL: J with corresponding Wikipedia links is at JEL classification codes#Labor and demographic economics JEL: J Subcategories. It has eight subareas: : General : Demographic Trends and Forecasts : Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure : Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth : Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped : Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination : Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination :

Value of life The value of life is an economic value used to quantify the benefit of avoiding a fatality. It is also referred to as the cost of life, value of preventing a fatality (VPF), implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), and value of a statistical li ...

; Foregone Income : Public Policy

Notes

References

* John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, ed. ( 9871989. ''Social Economics: The New Palgrave'', pp
vvi.
Arrow-page searchable links to entries for: : "Ageing Populations," pp
1
3, by Robert L. Clark : "Declining Population," pp
10
15, by Robin Barlow : "Demographic Transition," pp
16
23, by Ansley J. Coale : "Extended Family," pp
58
63, by Oliva Harris : "Family," pp
65
76, by Gary S. Becker : "Fertility," p
77
89, by Richard A. Easterlin : "Gender," pp
95
108, by Francine D. Blau : "Race and Economics," pp
215
218, by H. Stanback : "Value of Life," p
289
76, by

Thomas C. Schelling Thomas Crombie Schelling (April 14, 1921 – December 13, 2016) was an American economist and professor of foreign policy, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control at the School of Public Policy at University of Maryland, Colle ...

Nathan Keyfitz Nathan Keyfitz FRSC FRSS (June 29, 1913 – April 6, 2010) was a Canadian demographer, a pioneer of mathematical demography...... Professional career Keyfitz studied at McGill University, graduating with a B.S. in mathematics in 1934. He worked ...

, 1987. "demography," ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 1, pp. 796–802. * T. Paul Schultz, 1981. ''Economics of Population''. Addison-Wesley. Boo
review.
* John B. Shoven, ed., 2011. ''Demography and the Economy'', University of Chicago Press. Scroll-dow
description
an

*

Julian L. Simon Julian Lincoln Simon (February 12, 1932 – February 8, 1998) was an American professor of business administration at the University of Maryland and a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute at the time of his death, after previously serving as a ...

, 1977. ''The Economics of Population Growth''. Princeton, * _____,

981 Year 981 ( CMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events Births * Abu'l-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Maghribi, Arab statesman (d. 1027) * Giovanni Orseolo, Venetian ...

1996. ''

The Ultimate Resource ''The Ultimate Resource'' is a 1981 book written by Julian Lincoln Simon challenging the notion that humanity was running out of natural resources. It was revised in 1996 as ''The Ultimate Resource 2''. Overview The overarching thesis on why ther ...

2'', rev. and expanded. Princeton. Description and previe
links.
**Dennis A. Ahlburg, 1998. "Julian Simon and the Population Growth Debate," ''Population and Development Review'', 24(2), pp
317-327.
** M. Perlman, 1982. ntitled review of Simon, 1977 & 1981 ''Population Studies'', 36(3), pp
490
494. * Julian L. Simon, ed., 1997. ''The Economics Of Population: Key Modern Writings''
Description.
* _____, ed., 1998. ''The Economics of Population: Classic Writings''.
Description
and scroll to chapter-previe
links.
* Joseph J. Spengler 1951. "The Population Obstacle to Economic Betterment," ''American Economic Review'', 41(2), pp
343
354. * _____, 1966. "The Economist and the Population Question," ''American Economic Review'', 56(1/2), pp. 1–24.

Journals

* ''Demography'' �
Scope and links to issue contents & abstracts.
* ''Journal of Population Economics'' �
Aims and scope
an
20th Anniversary statement
2006. * ''Population and Development Review'' –
Aims and abstract & supplement links.
* ''Population Bulletin'' – Each issue on a
current population topic.
* ''Population Studies'' �
Aims and scope.
* ''

Review of Economics of the Household The ''Review of Economics of the Household'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 2001 by Shoshana Grossbard and first published in 2003. It publishes empirical and theoretical research on the economic behavior and decision-making p ...

'' {{Lists of countries by population statistics

Aspects

Subareas

See also

Notes

References

Journals