Poplar River (Lake Superior)

The Poplar River is a river in northeastern Minnesota that drains into Lake Superior.

Name

The Poplar River derives its English name from a translation of its Ojibwe name. Joseph Gilfillan identified the Ojibwe name of the Poplar River as ''Ga-manazadika Zibi'', or "place-of-poplars river".Upham, Warren. Minnesota Geographic Names, Their Origin and Significance. p. 145. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, Volume 17. 1920. Thomas Clark further identified the particular poplar in question as the Balm-of-Gilead.

Topography

The Poplar River stretches from its source in Gust LakePersons, Steve.
Poplar River Fisheries - Summaries and Trends.
' 2008. to its mouth in Lutsen, where it empties into Lake Superior. Its major tributaries are Mistletoe Creek, the Tait River, Caribou Creek, and Barker Creek.A fishing Guide to Lake Superior and North Shore Trout Streams.
/ref> It drains an area of
/ref> lying mostly on the Superior Upland plateau. In its upper reaches, the plateau's slope has an average grade of only 1%, which increases to 4% as the Poplar approaches Superior.Nieber, John, and Hanson, Brad.'' Poplar River Turbidity TMDL.'' p. 2.1 Submitted to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. University of Minnesota. 2009. Due to the many lakes located in this largely flat watershed, Poplar, along with its neighbors the Temperance, Cross, and Cascade rivers, has a more stable flow and a warmer average water temperature.Waters, Thomas F. ''The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota.'' p. 57. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1977. Three miles from its mouth, the Poplar goes over a series of waterfalls. The above the Highway 61 bridge at the mouth of the river are classified as class II-IV+(V) rapids.Minnesota Whitewater, Poplar River
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The Poplar's flow has been modified in the past by dams. In the early 20th century, two dams were located above the mouth of the river.Minnesota State Drainage Commission; Eberhart, Adolph Olsen; Ralph, Georg A.; Follansbee, Robert. ''Report of the water resources investigation of Minnesota, 1909'' Vol. 1. p. 524. In 1923, another dam was installed to power the nearby township of Lutsen,Nieber, John, and Hanson, Brad.'' Poplar River Turbidity TMDL.'' p. 4. Submitted to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. University of Minnesota. 2009. the only hydropower plant on a North Shore stream.Waters, Thomas F. ''The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota.'' p. 59. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1977.

The watershed is 77% forested and 19% wetland, with the remainder being grassland, open water, agricultural land, or bare rock. There are of streams in the Poplar River watershed, and of road.

Plant and animal life

The lower stretch of the Poplar River serves as a fishery for pink, chinook, and coho salmon in the spring, and rainbow and brook trout in the fall. The largest chinook salmon caught on record in Minnesota was taken here in 1989.State Record Fish
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. from its mouth, a barrier waterfall prevents Lake Superior fish from traveling any further upstream. Brook trout can be found anywhere in the upper 17 miles of the Poplar, in increasing numbers as one moves further north. In the lower portions, spawning grounds for brook trout are limited by a recent buildup in silt, and warm water temperatures in the summer are stressful on the population. The populations of warmwater species such as smallmouth bass, pumpkinseed sunfish, and bluegill have been increasing in these regions over recent surveys. In the upper watershed of the Poplar, the smallmouth bass has spread into every major lake north of Rice Lake since being introduced into Crescent Lake in the 1990s.Lake Information Report, Rice Lake.
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Logging

During the late 19th and early 20th century, logging was a major industry in the Arrowhead region of northern Minnesota. The Poplar, lying in a heavily forested area, was used to transport logs to Lake Superior from the inland forests. However, the Poplar, like neighboring streams with flat uplands and steep, narrow beds near their mouths, is not conducive to log driving. The Lutsen Tie & Post Company operated a sawmill upstream on Poplar River, and briefly operated a four-mile railroad linking that mill to Lockport between 1910 and 1912, but this was soon abandoned, and the locomotive sat on the shore of Lake Superior for nearly 20 yearsKing, Frank Alexander. ''Minnesota Logging Railroads.'' p. 23. University of Minnesota Press, 2003 until it was sold for scrap metal.

Limited logging continues to the present day, largely on private land. The watershed of the Poplar River still sees less logging activity than other nearby watersheds.

National Forest management

The United States Forest Service manages a rustic campground along the Poplar River. Rustic campgrounds in the Superior National Forest have no fees, but no drinking water or garbage disposal facilities. The Poplar River Rustic Campground has four sites designed for tents, but two have spurs long enough for RV use.Superior National Forest Camping, 2011
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The campground is unusual in that it is located on the edge of a river rather than a lake. Several of the sites have access directly to the river making it very convenient for trout stream fishing. Note that trout fishing requires a trout/salmon stamp in addition to a valid Minnesota fishing license.USDA Forest Service Poplar River Rustic Campground
/ref> This campground is also on one of the roads included in the USDA Forest Service Sawtooth Mountains Fall Color Tour, so it is good spot to stay during the fall color seasonUSDA Forest Service Sawtooth Mountains Fall Color Tour
/ref>.

See also

*List of rivers of Minnesota

References

Minnesota Watersheds
*USGS Hydrologic Unit Map - State of Minnesota (1974)

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Rivers of Minnesota
Tributaries of Lake Superior
Rivers of Cook County, Minnesota
Northern Minnesota trout streams