The Pontifical Gregorian University ( it, Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana,) is a higher education ecclesiastical school ( pontifical university) located in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, Italy. The Gregorian originated as a part of the

Roman College The Roman College ( la, Collegium Romanum, it, Collegio Romano) was a school established by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1551, just 11 years after he founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). It quickly grew to include classes from elementary school t ...

, founded in 1551 by

Ignatius of Loyola Ignatius of Loyola, S.J. (born Íñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola; eu, Ignazio Loiolakoa; es, Ignacio de Loyola; la, Ignatius de Loyola; – 31 July 1556), venerated as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a Spanish Catholic priest and theologian, ...

, and included all grades of schooling. Its chairs of philosophy and theology received Papal approval in 1556, making it the first institution founded by the

Society of Jesus , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...

(Jesuits). In 1584, the Roman College was given a new home by

Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII ( la, Gregorius XIII; it, Gregorio XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for ...

, after whom it was renamed the Gregorian University. It had distinguished scholars in ecclesiastical fields as well as in natural science and mathematics. Only the theology and philosophy departments of the Gregorian survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870. Today, the Gregorian has an international faculty and around 2,750 students from over 150 countries.

History

Founding

, the founder of the Society of Jesus, established a School of Grammar, Humanities, and Christian Doctrine (''Scuola di grammatica, d'umanità e di Dottrina cristiana'') in Rome on 18 February 1551. It was located in a building at the base of the

Capitoline Hill The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill ( ; it, Campidoglio ; la, Mons Capitolinus ), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome. The hill was earlier known as ''Mons Saturnius'', dedicated to the god Saturn. ...

, on what is today the

Piazza d'Aracoeli Piazza d'Aracoeli is a square of Rome (Italy), placed at the base of the Capitoline Hill, in the Rione X Campitelli. History The present aspect of the square is not the cozy one it had one time: one of the sides was destroyed during the demolition ...

Francis Borgia Francis Borgia ( ca-valencia, Francesc de Borja; es, Francisco de Borja; 28 October 1510 – 30 September 1572) was a Spanish Jesuit priest. The great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI, he was Duke of Gandía and a grandee of Spain. After t ...

, the viceroy of Catalonia and a Catholic patron, provided financial support for the new school. With a small library connected to it, the school was called the Roman College (''Collegio Romano''). In September 1551, due to its increased enrollment, the college moved to a larger facility behind the Santo Stefano del Cacco Church in Rome. After only two years of operation, the Roman College had 250 graduates.

Early growth

In January 1556,

Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV, born Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R. ( la, Paulus IV; it, Paolo IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death in August 1559. While serving as pa ...

authorized the Roman College to confer academic degrees in theology and philosophy, elevating it to the rank of university. During the following 20 years, ever increasing enrollment forced the college to move to larger facilities twice. During this period, the college added chairs in

moral philosophy Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns ...

and Arabic to the existing chairs in Latin, Greek, and

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

. When the college reached an enrollment of 1000 students,

decided to build it a more expansive facility. He expropriated two city blocks in Rome near the

Via del Corso The Via del Corso is a main street in the historical centre of Rome. It is straight in an area otherwise characterized by narrow meandering alleys and small piazzas. Considered a wide street in ancient times, the Corso is approximately 10 metres w ...

and commissioned the architect

Bartolomeo Ammannati Bartolomeo Ammannati (18 June 151113 April 1592) was an Italian architect and sculptor, born at Settignano, near Florence. He studied under Baccio Bandinelli and Jacopo Sansovino (assisting on the design of the Library of St. Mark's, the ''Bibli ...

to design a new building. The new college building was inaugurated in 1584 in what became known as the Piazza Collegio Romano, across from the

Palazzo Doria Pamphilj The Doria Pamphilj Gallery is a large art collection housed in the Palazzo Doria Pamphilj in Rome, Italy, between Via del Corso and Via della Gatta. The principal entrance is on the Via del Corso (until recently, the entrance to the gallery was fr ...

. In gratitude for Gregory XIII's sponsorship, the college administration lauded him as its "founder and father" and renamed the Roman College as the Gregorian University. The new space at Piazza Collegio Romano allowed the Gregorian University to add chairs of church history and liturgy. The Gregorian soon became known for its work in mathematics, physics and astronomy.

Christopher Clavius Christopher Clavius, SJ (25 March 1538 – 6 February 1612) was a Jesuit German mathematician, head of mathematicians at the Collegio Romano, and astronomer who was a member of the Vatican commission that accepted the proposed calendar inve ...

, then a professor at the Gregorian, developed the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

that is still used worldwide today. The Jesuit mathematician

Athanasius Kircher Athanasius Kircher (2 May 1602 – 27 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath who published around 40 major works, most notably in the fields of comparative religion, geology, and medicine. Kircher has been compared to fe ...

also later taught at the Gregorian. Not long after its Piazza Collegio Romano site opened, the Gregorian had 2000 students. Due to the limited size of its chapel, the Gregorian started rebuilding it in 1626 as the Church of Sant'Ignazio. Completed in 1650, the church is considered one of the major Baroque churches in the Rome area.

Modern era

In 1773, following the

suppression of the Society of Jesus The suppression of the Jesuits was the removal of all members of the Society of Jesus from most of the countries of Western Europe and their colonies beginning in 1759, and the abolishment of the order by the Holy See in 1773. The Jesuits were ...

throughout Europe, the Jesuits were forced to cede control over the Gregorian University to the Diocese of Rome. However,

Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII ( it, Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga (; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death ...

returned the Gregorian to Jesuit control on 17 May 1824 after the reestablishment of the Society of Jesus. With the Capture of Rome in 1870, Rome and the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...

were incorporated into the new

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and f ...

. The new government of Italy then confiscated the Gregorian property and building, converting it into the

Ennio Quirino Visconti Liceo Ginnasio The Ennio Quirino Visconti Liceo Ginnasio ("Ennio Quirino Visconti Lyceum– Gymnasium") is the oldest and most prestigious in Rome, also known as Roman College due to its previous historical role. History The was set up shortly after the Cap ...

. The Gregorian was forced to move into a much smaller facility at the Palazzo Gabrielli-Borromeo on Via del Seminario in Rome. Due to its lack of space, the Gregorian was forced to drop all of its faculties except for theology and philosophy. Enrollment dropped to under 250 students by 1875. Pope Pius IX later granted the Gregorian the title "Pontifical University". In 1876, the Faculty of

Canon Law Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is th ...

was transferred from the

University of Rome La Sapienza The Sapienza University of Rome ( it, Sapienza – Università di Roma), also called simply Sapienza or the University of Rome, and formally the Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", is a public research university located in Rome, Ita ...

to the Gregorian, and the university gradually resumed the teaching of other disciplines. After World War I,

Pope Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV (Latin: ''Benedictus XV''; it, Benedetto XV), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, name=, group= (; 21 November 185422 January 1922), was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in January 1922. His ...

and his successor, Pope Pius XI, worked to create a new campus for the Gregorian at the base of

Quirinal Hill The Quirinal Hill (; la, Collis Quirinalis; it, Quirinale ) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome, at the north-east of the city center. It is the location of the official residence of the Italian head of state, who resides in the Quirinal Pala ...

, adjacent to the

Pontifical Biblical Institute The Pontifical Biblical Institute (also known as Biblicum) is a research and postgraduate teaching institution specialised in biblical and ancient Near Eastern studies. It is an institution of the Holy See entrusted to the Society of Jesus. His ...

(''Biblicum''). Pius XI laid the first stone for the new campus on 27 December 1924. Designed by architect Giulio Barluzzi in

Neoclassical style Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The prevailing sty ...

, it was completed by 1930. After moving to the new campus, the Gregorian continued to expand to new faculties and disciplines as well as to add new buildings. The Pontifical Institute Regina Mundi, dedicated to the theological formation of women, opened in 1955 and closed in 2005.

Today

Today the Gregorian University has approximately 2,750 students from over 150 countries. About 70% of the students are foreign nationals, with 65% of them coming from non-

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...

countries. Most students are priests, seminarians, and members of religious orders. After the

Second Vatican Council The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the , or , was the 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. The council met in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome for four periods (or sessions), each lasting between 8 and ...

, the first women to earn doctoral degrees at the university were Sandra Schneiders, IHM, and Mary Milligan, RSHM. Both graduates became authorities in New Testament Theology and Christian Spirituality. The Gregorian faculties are approximately 60% Italian and mainly Jesuit priests. In recent years, there has been an increase in laity in both the faculties and the student body; today, diocesan and religious priests represent about 45%, seminarians 25%, lay men and women 22%, and nuns 8% of the student body. Around 1970, the Gregorian discontinued Latin as the principal language of instruction by lecturers and examiners. Since the Gregorian is a pontifical university, the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of R ...

accredits its curriculum, and its degrees have full effect in

canon law Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is th ...

. However, its

licentiates A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree present in many countries, representing different educational levels. It may be similar to a master's degree when issued by pontifical universities and other universities in Europe, Latin A ...

in philosophy and

theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

are conferred by some Jesuit universities worldwide, entitling recipients to teach in major seminaries.

Academics

Gregorian Consortium

The Gregorian University is one of three member institutes that make up the

Gregorian Consortium The Gregorian Consortium is a collaborative association of three pontifical universities/institutes in Rome. In 1930 the motu proprio ''Quod maxime'' of Pope Pius XI associated the Pontifical Gregorian University (Greg), the Pontifical Biblical In ...

; the other two institutions are the

(founded in 1909) and the

Pontifical Oriental Institute The Pontifical Oriental Institute, also known as the Orientale, is a Catholic institution of higher education located in Rome and focusing on Eastern Christianity. The plan of creating a school of higher learning for Eastern Christianity had been ...

(founded in 1917). The Consortium was created under Pope Pius XI, in 1928.

Academic units

The Pontifical Gregorian University has six faculties, three institutes and five centres, all of which offer academic degrees. *Faculties: ** Canon Law (''minors:'' Matrimonial Jurisprudence, Penal Jurisprudence) ** History and Cultural Heritage of the Church (''majors:'' Cultural Heritage of the Church, History of the Church) ** Missiology (''minors:'' ''Missio Ad Gentes'', New Evangelization, Theology of Religions) ** Philosophy (''minors:'' Practical Philosophy, Theoretical Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion) ** Social Sciences (''majors:'' Social Communication, Social Doctrine of the Church, Sociology, Leadership and Management) ** Theology (''majors:'' Biblical Theology, Dogmatic Theology, Fundamental Theology, Moral Theology, Patristic, Comparative Christian Theology, Spiritual Theology, Vocational Theology) Pontificia Università Gregoriana

*Institutes: ** Anthropology (former Centre for Child Protection) ** Psychology ** Spirituality *Centres: ** Centre "Alberto Hurtado" for Faith and Culture ** Centre "Cardinal Bea" for Judaic Studies ** Centre "Saint Peter Favre" for Formators to the Priesthood and Religious Life ** Gregorian Centre for Interreligious Studies ** Ignatian Spirituality Centre Through the Gregorian Consortium, students are also able to pursue courses in the two Pontifical Institutes. *Pontifical Biblical Institute: ** Faculty of Ancient Near Eastern Studies ** Faculty of Sacred Scriptures *Pontifical Oriental Institute: ** Faculty of Eastern Canon Law ** Faculty of Eastern Ecclesiastical Sciences (''majors:'' History, Liturgy, Patristics)

Libraries

The three libraries of the Gregorian Consortium contain nearly 1.2 million volumes, with large collections in the fields of theology, philosophy, culture and literature. The original Roman College library was founded in 1556. In 1872, the Gregorian library's 45,000 volumes, manuscripts, and archives were confiscated by the new Italian state; they were dispersed, with some of the collection going to the new Rome National Central Library. Since 1928, the Gregorian library has been located on the Gregorian campus at Quirinal Hill. The majority of the library's collection, 820,000 volumes, is housed in a six-floor tower adjacent to the Palazzo Centrale. An additional 60,000 volumes are housed in the six reading rooms, which together seat 400 students. The library's reserve contains many ancient and precious books as well as rare editions, including 80 books from the 16th century.

Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University

The Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University (APUG) contain Jesuit records from the founding of the Roman College in 1551 to the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773. APUG has over 5,000 manuscripts for teaching rhetoric, grammar, philosophy and theology along with research on Greek and Latin classics,

astronomy Astronomy () is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, g ...

, mathematics, physics, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Arabic. Many of the APUG manuscripts were copied by auditores, others are autographs of masters such as Famiano Strada, Christopher Clavius,

Francisco Suarez Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of ...

, Roberto Bellarmino,

Mutio Vitelleschi Mutio Vitelleschi (2 December 1563 – 9 February 1645) was the sixth Superior General of the Society of Jesus. He was the son of a noble Roman family. Although he was destined for a general ecclesiastical career, a growing desire to enter ...

, Roger Joseph Boscovich,

Juan Bautista Villalpando Juan Bautista Villalpando also ''Villalpandus'', or ''Villalpanda'' (1552 – 22 May 1608) was a Spanish priest of Sephardic ancestry, a member of the Jesuits, a scholar, mathematician, and architect. Life Villalpando was born in Córdoba, Spai ...

Francisco de Toledo Francisco Álvarez de Toledo ( Oropesa, 10 July 1515 – Escalona, 21 April 1582), also known as ''The Viceroyal Solon'', was an aristocrat and soldier of the Kingdom of Spain and the fifth Viceroy of Peru. Often regarded as the "best of P ...

. In some cases, these lesson notes gave origin to important works, like the Bellarmino's Controversie, of which APUG owns a copy with a lot of handwritten notes by the author. Other important documents at APUG include

's correspondence, the Christopher Clavius's correspondence or the codex used by

Francesco Sforza Pallavicino Francesco Maria Sforza Pallavicino (or ''Pallavicini'') (28 November 1607, Rome – 4 June 1667, Rome), was an Italian cardinal, philosopher, theologian, literary theorist, and church historian. A professor of philosophy and theology at the Rom ...

to write his ''Istoria del Concilio di Trento''. Many miscellaneous documents at APUG highlight the relations between the Roman College and many of the Jesuits in mission around the world. These documents provide insight on the Church Reforms, the grace or moral debates, the

Jansenist Jansenism was an early modern theological movement within Catholicism, primarily active in the Kingdom of France, that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. It was declared a heresy by th ...

polemic and Chinese rites. APUG also contains documentation about the teaching activity from the 19th century until today: it is the official respository for all the professors who have taught at the Gregorian since 1873. This also includes documents on the First Vatican Council and the

Gregorian and Biblical Press

The Gregorian and Biblical Press prints and publishes documents for both the Gregorian University and the Biblical Institute. Since 2010, it has offered magazine subscriptions and book purchases online in six languages.

Gregorian University publications

* Analecta Gregoriana * Documenta Missionalia * Miscellanea e storia pontificia * Tesi gregoriana * Canon Law * Phylosophy * Missiology * Spirituality * Ecclesiastical History * Teologia * nterreligious Investigations * Philosophia

Biblical Institute publications

* Analecta Biblica * Biblica et orientalia * Studia Pohl (Series Maior) * Subsidia biblica

Extraterritoriality

According to Article 16 of the

Lateran Treaty The Lateran Treaty ( it, Patti Lateranensi; la, Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle ...

, a 1929 agreement between the

Government of Italy The government of Italy is in the form of a democratic republic, and was established by a constitution in 1948. It consists of legislative, executive, and judicial subdivisions, as well as a Head of State, or President. The Italian Constituti ...

and the

, the Gregorian University enjoys a certain level of

extraterritoriality In international law, extraterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Historically, this primarily applied to individuals, as jurisdiction was usually cl ...

. According to the treaty, Italy can never subject the university to "charges or to expropriation for reasons of public utility, save by previous agreement with the Holy See." The Gregorian is also exempt from all Italian tax and is included among those Roman buildings for which the Holy See has the right to deal "as it may deem fit, without obtaining the authorization or consent of the Italian governmental, provincial, or communal authority."

Notable students and professors

Gregorian's alumni include 17 popes, such as Pope Gregory XV, Pope Urban VIII,

Pope Innocent X Pope Innocent X ( la, Innocentius X; it, Innocenzo X; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 September 1644 to his death in Januar ...

, Pope Clement XI,

Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...

, Pope Pius XII,

Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in Augus ...

, and

Pope John Paul I Pope John Paul I ( la, Ioannes Paulus I}; it, Giovanni Paolo I; born Albino Luciani ; 17 October 1912 – 28 September 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 26 August 1978 to his death 33 days later. Hi ...

. Eight of the last eleven popes were alumni of the Gregorian. Other students include 72 saints and

beatified Beatification (from Latin ''beatus'', "blessed" and ''facere'', "to make”) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a deceased person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their nam ...

persons including Saint Robert Bellarmine, Saint Aloysius Gonzaga and

Saint Maximilian Kolbe Maximilian Maria Kolbe (born Raymund Kolbe; pl, Maksymilian Maria Kolbe; 1894–1941) was a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscans, Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a man named Franciszek Gajowniczek ...

. Former Gregorian professors include

Joseph Ratzinger Pope Benedict XVI ( la, Benedictus XVI; it, Benedetto XVI; german: link=no, Benedikt XVI.; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, , on 16 April 1927) is a retired prelate of the Catholic church who served as the head of the Church and the soverei ...

, now Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, a visiting professor in the Faculty of Theology from 1972 to 1973. Gregorian alumni and professors include: *

Bartholomew I Bartholomew I ( el, Βαρθολομαῖος Αʹ, , tr, I. Bartholomeos; born 29 February 1940) is the 270th archbishop of Constantinople and Ecumenical Patriarch, since 2 November 1991. In accordance with his title, he is regarded as the ''pr ...

, Greek Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and New Rome *

Mar Mar, mar or MAR may refer to: Culture * Mar or Mor, an honorific in Syriac * Earl of Mar, an earldom in Scotland * MAA (singer) (born 1986), Japanese * Marathi language, by ISO 639-2 language code * March, as an abbreviation for the third mon ...

Joseph Kallarangatt, Indian theologian and bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Palai * Simona Brambilla, Italian nun and member of Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life *

Roger Boscovich Roger Joseph Boscovich ( hr, Ruđer Josip Bošković; ; it, Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich; la, Rogerius (Iosephus) Boscovicius; sr, Руђер Јосип Бошковић; 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, ...

, Croat Jesuit priest, physicist and mathematician *James Tunstead Burtchaell, American priest, university provost and professor * David Cairns, Scottish politician *

, German Jesuit priest and inventor of the Gregorian calendar *

Friedrich Dörr Friedrich Dörr (7 March 190813 May 1993) was a German Catholic priest and professor of theology, who is known as a hymnwriter. He shaped the first common German Catholic hymnal, ''Gotteslob'', published in 1975. Life Friedrich Dörr was born i ...

, German priest, professor and hymnwriter *

Jules Mazarin Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also , , ; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino () or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the Kings of France Louis XIII and Louis X ...

, French cardinal and prime minister to the

French Monarchy France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the firs ...

Joseph Perumthottam Mar Joseph Perumthottam (born 5 July 1948) is a prelate of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. Since 2007 he as served as the Archbishop of Changanassery. Education He was educated in St. Joseph's High School in Punnathura and St. Berchmans ...

, Indian Metropolitan of the

Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanacherry The Archeparchy of Changanacherry is a Syro-Malabar Catholic archeparchy with an area of 24,595 km2 comprising the districts of Kottayam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kollam, and Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, and also Kanyakumari district i ...

* Reginald Foster, American priest,

Latinist Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

and professor *

Filippo Grandi Filippo Grandi (born March 30, 1957) is an Italian diplomat and United Nations official, currently serving as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He previously served as Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agen ...

, Italian Commissioner-General of

UNRWA The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is a UN agency that supports the relief and human development of Palestinian refugees. UNRWA's mandate encompasses Palestinians displaced by the 1948 ...

Peter Henrici Peter Henrici (born 31 March 1928) is a Swiss Jesuit priest, Blondelian philosopher and professor (1960–1993) at the Gregorian University. He was Auxiliary Bishop of Chur from 1993 to 2007. Biography Born on 31 March 1928 at Zurich, Henrici ...

, Swiss Jesuit priest, philosopher and Auxiliary Bishop of Chur *

Wilhelm Imkamp Wilhelm Imkamp (born 27 September 1951) is a German Catholic Church, Catholic priest, theologian, and church historian. A former member of the Papal household, he was appointed as a Prelate of Honour of His Holiness in 2006 and an Protonotary ...

, German priest, theologian and professor *

Francesco Lana de Terzi Francesco Lana de Terzi (1631 in Brescia, Lombardy – 22 February 1687, in Brescia, Lombardy) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician, naturalist and aeronautics pioneer. Having been professor of physics and mathematics at Brescia, he first ...

, Italian Jesuit priest and aeronautics scientist *

Bernard Lonergan Bernard Joseph Francis Lonergan (17 December 1904 – 26 November 1984) was a Canadian Jesuit priest, philosopher, and theologian, regarded by many as one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century. Lonergan's works include ''Insight: A ...

, Canadian Jesuit priest, philosopher, theologian and economist *

Heinrich Maier Heinrich Maier (; 16 February 1908 – 22 March 1945) was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest, pedagogue, philosopher and a member of the Austrian resistance, who was executed as the last victim of Hitler's régime in Vienna. The resistance gr ...

, Austrian priest and resistance fighter against

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

Mary McAleese Mary Patricia McAleese ( ; ga, Máire Pádraigín Mhic Ghiolla Íosa; ; born 27 June 1951) is an Irish activist lawyer and former politician who served as the eighth president of Ireland from November 1997 to November 2011. She is an academic ...

, former President of Ireland * John Navone, American Jesuit priest, professor, theologian and author Pontificia Università Gregoriana facciata notte

Pontificia Università Gregoriana facciata notte

Denis Fahey Denis Fahey, C.S.Sp. (3 July 1883 – 21 January 1954) was an Irish Catholic priest. Fahey promoted the Catholic social teaching of Christ the King, and was involved in Irish politics through his organisation Maria Duce. Fahey firmly believed ...

, Irish priest and theological writer *

, German Jesuit priest, scholar and polymath *

Hans Küng Hans Küng (; 19 March 1928 – 6 April 2021) was a Swiss Catholic priest, theologian, and author. From 1995 he was president of the Foundation for a Global Ethic (Stiftung Weltethos). Küng was ordained a priest in 1954, joined the faculty o ...

, Swiss priest and theologian * Charles Curran, American priest and moral theologian *

Vincenzo Riccati Vincenzo Riccati (Castelfranco Veneto, 11 January 1707 – Treviso, 17 January 1775) was a Venetian mathematician and physicist. Life Vincenzo Riccati was the brother of Giordano Riccati, and the second son of Jacopo Riccati. He entered the ...

, Venetian Jesuit priest and inventor of hyperbolic functions * Luca Valerio, Italian Jesuit priest and mathematician *

Paul Guldin Paul Guldin (born Habakkuk Guldin; 12 June 1577 ( Mels) – 3 November 1643 (Graz)) was a Swiss Jesuit mathematician and astronomer. He discovered the Guldinus theorem to determine the surface and the volume of a solid of revolution. (This theor ...

, Swiss Jesuit priest, mathematician and astronomer *

Óscar Romero Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez (15 August 1917 – 24 March 1980) was a prelate of the Catholic Church in El Salvador. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of San Salvador, the Titular Bishop of Tambeae, as Bishop of Santiago ...

, Salvadoran archbishop and activist * Gian Vittorio Rossi, Italian poet, philologist and historian * Janni Sabucco, Italian poet, writer and homiletic speaker *

Andrea Salvadori Andrea Salvadori (1591 – buried 25 August 1634) was an Italian poet and librettist. He was born in Florence and educated at the Collegio Romano in Rome. From 1616 until his death in Florence at the age of 43, he was the principal court poet to the ...

, Italian poet and librettist *

Henricus Smeulders Dom Henricus Smeulders, O.Cist. (13 May 1826 – 28 June 1892), born Joseph-Gauthier-Henri, was a Belgian Abbot of the Common observance. He was considered one of the major historical figures of Cistercian history of the second half of the 19th c ...

, Belgian Procurator General of the

Order of Cistercians The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint B ...

John Wijngaards Johannes Nicolaas Maria Wijngaards (born 1935, in Surabaya, Indonesia) is a Catholic scripture scholar and a laicized priest. Since 1977 he has been prominent in his public opposition to the teaching of the Catholic Church on the impossibility ...

, Dutch theologian and former priest * James V. Schall, American Jesuit priest, writer, philosopher and professor * Francis A. Sullivan, American Jesuit priest, theologian and professor * Anderson Sunda-Meya, Congolese-American physicist and educator * David Tracy, American priest, theologian and professor *

Niccolò Zucchi Niccolò Zucchi (; December 6, 1586 – May 21, 1670) was an Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist. As an astronomer he may have been the first to see the belts on the planet Jupiter (on May 17, 1630), and reported spots on Mars in 1640. H ...

, Italian Jesuit priest, astronomer and

physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...

* Patrick Augustine Kalilombe, Malawian theologian and Bishop of Lilongwe, Malawi *

Samuel Ruiz Samuel Ruiz García (3 November 1924 – 24 January 2011) was a Mexican Catholic prelate who served as bishop of the Diocese of San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, from 1959 until 1999. Ruiz is best known for his role as mediator during th ...

, Mexican liberation theologian and bishop of Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas *

Sandra M. Schneiders Sandra Marie Schneiders, I.H.M. (born 12 November 1936), is professor emerita in the Jesuit School of Theology at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California. She has published numerous works on spirituality, feminism, and theology. ...

, American theologian, writer and professor * Princess India of Afghanistan * Mary Milligan, theologian and professor. First woman to graduate from the GregorianPoss, Janice. Chapter 7 "Mary Milligan, RSHM, STD: Selvage Leadership within the Fabric of Church" in Colleen D. Hartung, editor. Challenging Bias against Women Academics in Religion, October 25, 2021, atla open press, pages 145-175 ISBN 978-1949800272 https://doi.org/10.31046/atlaopenpress.46 * Paolo Benanti, Franciscan of Third Order Regular, theologian and professor The vast majority of the Church's leading experts come from the Gregorian; one-third of the current

College of Cardinals The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. its current membership is , of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are app ...

studied there at one time or another, and more than 900 bishops worldwide are among its 12,000 living alumni.

References

External links

Pontificia Università Gregoriana

UniGregoriana on Facebook

UniGregoriana on Twitter

UniGregoriana on YouTubePontifical Gregorian University

The Gregorian University Foundation

Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University

Scholars and Literati at the Gregorian University of Rome (1551–1773)Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae – RETE.
{{Authority control 1551 establishments in the Papal States Education in Rome Educational institutions established in the 1550s Jesuit universities and colleges Gregorian Properties of the Holy See Roman Colleges Seminaries and theological colleges in Italy