Pontifical Household
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The papal household or pontifical household (usually not capitalized in the media and other nonofficial use, ), called until 1968 the Papal Court (''Aula Pontificia''), consists of dignitaries who assist the pope in carrying out particular ceremonies of either a religious or a civil character. It is organised into two bodies: the Papal Chapel (''Cappella Pontificia''), which assists the pope in his functions as the spiritual head of the church, especially in religious ceremonies; and the Papal Family or Household (''Familia Pontificia''), which assists him as head of a juridical body with civil functions.


Modern organisation


Papal Chapel

The Papal Chapel consists of ecclesiastics who participate in religious ceremonies wearing their liturgical vestments or the dress proper to their rank and office.''Annuario Pontificio'' 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ), p. 1850 Historically, chanted divine service was held daily in the papal palace, with the Pope in person celebrating or assisting at Pontifical Mass on certain days. After the return of the popes from
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, these solemn public functions were held in the Sistine Chapel or, on days of special solemnity, in Saint Peter's Basilica. The liturgical celebration ceased to be daily in the course of the nineteenth century. The motu proprio '' Pontificalis Domus'' of 1968 abolished some of the titles borne by various groups that had membership in the Papal Chapel. At present its membership consists of the members of the Papal Family or Household in the narrow sense (''Familia Pontificalis'', not ''Domus Pontificalis'') and in addition: # The College of Cardinals # The patriarchs # The
archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...
s who head departments of the Roman Curia # The secretaries of the congregations of the Roman Curia # The regent of the
Apostolic Signatura The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura () is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church (apart from the pope himself, who as supreme ecclesiastical judge is the final point of appeal for any ecclesiastical judgment). In additio ...
# The dean of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota # The superiors of the pontifical councils and commissions # The abbot of
Montecassino Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first h ...
and the abbots general of canons regular and monastic orders # The superior general or, in his absence, the procurator general of the mendicant orders # The auditors of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota # The members of the chapters of the three papal basilicas of the Vatican, the Lateran, and the Liberian # The consistorial advocates # The parish priests (pastors) of Rome # The (two) clerics of the Papal Chapel # Those in the personal service of the Pope


Papal Family (''Familia Pontificalis'')

The members of this body are subdivided into two groups: ecclesiastic and lay. The ecclesiastics who have membership are: # The Substitute of the Secretariat of State # The
Secretary for Relations with States The Section for Relations with States or Second Section of the Secretariat of State is the body within the Roman Curia charged with dealing with matters that involve relations with civil governments. It has been part of the Vatican Secretariat o ...
# The President of the
Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy The Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy ( la, Pontificia Ecclesiastica Academia, it, Pontificia Accademia Ecclesiastica) is one of the Roman Colleges of the Catholic Church. The academy is dedicated to training priests to serve in the diplomatic c ...
# The Theologian of the Pontifical Household # The College of the Apostolic Protonotaries Participating # The Supernumerary Apostolic Protonotaries # The Papal Masters of Ceremonies (
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff The Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff ( la, Officium de Liturgicis Celebrationibus Summi Pontificis, it, Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice) is that section of the Roman Curia responsible for org ...
) # The
Honorary Prelate A Prelate of Honour of His Holiness is a Catholic prelate to whom the Pope has granted this title of honour. They are addressed as Monsignor and have certain privileges as regards clerical clothing.Chaplains of His Holiness A Chaplain of His Holiness is a priest to whom the Pope has granted this title. They are addressed as Monsignor and have certain privileges with respect to ecclesiastical dress and vestments.Preacher of the Papal household The papal almoner was a member until the almoner became the head of the newly created Dicastery for the Service of Charity, a division of the Roman Curia, on 5 June 2022. The lay members are: # Assistants at the Throne # The General Counsellor of the State of Vatican City # The Commandant of the Papal Swiss Guard # The Counsellors of the State of Vatican City # The President of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences # The Gentlemen of His Holiness # The Procurators of the Apostolic Palaces # The Attachés of the Antechamber # Those in the personal service of the Pope # The
Aide de chambre ''Valet de chambre'' (), or ''varlet de chambre'', was a court appointment introduced in the late Middle Ages, common from the 14th century onwards. Royal households had many persons appointed at any time. While some valets simply waited o ...
# The Dean of the Hall of the Papal Antechamber


History


Papal Court

In the Papal States, from medieval times, the
papal nobility The papal nobility are the aristocracy of the Holy See, composed of persons holding titles bestowed by the Pope. From the Middle Ages into the nineteenth century, the papacy held direct temporal power in the Papal States, and many titles of papal ...
formed a part of the Papal Court. The roles and positions in the papal household and court evolved and changed over time, and included hostiarii, vestararius, ''vicedominus'', ''nomenclator'', ''cubiculario'', ''sacellarius, praelatini palatini, bibliothecarius, scutiferi, cancellarius,'' protonotaries'', primicerius, secundicerius, defensor, and many more.''


Reform of Paul VI

On March 28, 1968, Pope Paul VI reorganized the Papal Court with an apostolic letter ''motu proprio'', renaming it the "Papal Household" ( la, Pontificalis Domus). In changing the name from what it had been for some centuries, Paul VI said he was returning an "original and noble" name.''Pontificalis Domus'', Introduction. Moreover, many positions were consolidated into new ones or altogether abolished. According to the ''motu proprio'': "Many of the offices entrusted to members of the Papal Household were deprived of their function, continuing to exist as purely honorary positions, without much correspondence to concrete needs of the times." In the Papal Chapel, the following positions were altered or suppressed: Palatine Cardinals (''Cardinali Palatini''); prelates ''di fiocchetto''; Prince-Assistants to the Throne (''Principi assistenti al Soglio''); Majordomo of His Holiness; the Interior Minister; Commander of '' Santo Spirito''; Roman Magistrate; Master of the Sacred Apostolic Hospice; Chamberlains of Honor ''in abito paonazzo''; Secret Chaplains and Secret Chaplains of Honor; Secret Clerics; Confessor of the Pontifical Family; Candle-Carrying Acolytes (''Ceroferari''); Common Papal Chaplains; Porter-Masters of the ''Virga Rubea''; Guardian of the Sacred Tiara; Mace-Bearer; and Apostolic Messenger (''Cursori Apostolici''). Of these offices, the suppressed offices of Secret Chaplain and Secret Chaplain of Honor, Secret Cleric, Acolyte ''Ceroferari'', Common Papal Chaplain, and Porter-Masters of the ''Virga Rubea'' were consolidated under the general title of "Cleric of the Papal Chapel". The Papal Family underwent even more radical changes. Abolished and considered were the following titles: the Palatine prelates (i.e., Majordomo of His Holiness, Master of the Chamber 'Maestro di Camera'' Auditor of His Holiness); Master of the Sacred Apostolic Hospice; the Hereditary Quartermaster General of the Sacred Apostolic Palace (''Foriere Maggiore''); Master of the Horse to His Holiness (''Cavallerizzo Maggiore di Sua Santità''); General Superintendent of Posts; the Keepers of the Golden Rose; Secretary to Embassies; ''Esente'' of the Noble Guard of Service; Chamberlains of Honor ''in abito paonazzo''; Chamberlains of Honor ''extra Urbem''; Secret Chaplains and Secret Chaplains of Honor; Secret Chaplains of Honor ''extra Urbem''; Secret Clerics; Common Papal Chaplains; Confessor of the Pontifical Family; and Secret Steward (''Scalco Segreto''). The Master of the Sacred Palace (the Pope's Dominican theologian) has been renamed Theologian of the Pontifical Household. Since 2005 the post has been held by Fr. Wojciech Giertych, a Polish Dominican. The titles of Secret Almoner and Sacristan of His Holiness were changed to Almoner of His Holiness, and Vicar General of His Holiness for Vatican City, respectively, and the responsibilities of the Secretary to Embassies and Secretary of the Wardrobe were commuted into the office of the Prelates of the Antechamber. Domestic Prelates and Secret Chamberlains Supernumerary remained part of the Papal Family, but were henceforth to be called Prelates of Honor of His Holiness and Chaplains of His Holiness, respectively. Likewise, the Secret Chamberlains of the Cape and Sword (''di cappa e spada'') were retained under the title Gentlemen of His Holiness, and the ''Bussolanti'' took the new name of Attachés of the Antechamber. The ''Camerieri Segreti Partecipanti'' were outright abolished, as was the title of Sub-Auditor (''Subdatarius''). There was also a change in honorific ecclesiastical titles, which were reduced to three categories: Protonotaries Apostolic (''de numero'' and supernumerary), Prelates of Honor of His Holiness, and Chaplains of His Holiness. All the other categories of '' Monsignori'' were abolished.''Pontificalis Domus'' 8.


See also

*
Prefecture of the Pontifical Household The Prefecture of the Papal Household is the office in charge of the Papal Household, a section of the Roman Curia that comprises the Papal Chapel (''Cappella Pontificia'') and the Papal Family (''Familia Pontificia''). The current Prefect of th ...
* Roman Curia *
Index of Vatican City-related articles Index (or its plural form indices) may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Index (''A Certain Magical Index''), a character in the light novel series ''A Certain Magical Index'' * The Index, an item on a Halo megastru ...


Notes


References


Sources

* Paul VI
Motu Proprio ''Pontificalis Domus''
28 March 1968 * Annuario Pontificio'' (annual publication) * X. Barbier de Montault
L'année liturgique a Rome
Roma 1862, p. 255 {{Authority control