The Pontianak Sultanate ( Malay: كسلطانن ڤونتيناك, ''Kesultanan Pontianak'') was an Islamic Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java Isl ...

from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950. The Sultanate was located at the mouth of the Kapuas river in what is today the

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

n province of

West Kalimantan West Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five Indonesian provinces comprising Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city is Pontianak. The province has an area of 147,307& ...

, and the Sultan's residential palace was situated in what later grew to become the modern-day Indonesian city of Pontianak.

History

The Pontianak Sultanate was founded in 1771 by explorers from

Hadhramaut Hadhramaut ( ar, حَضْرَمَوْتُ \ حَضْرَمُوتُ, Ḥaḍramawt / Ḥaḍramūt; Hadramautic: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩, ''Ḥḍrmt'') is a region in South Arabia, comprising eastern Yemen, parts of western Oman and southern S ...

led by al-Sayyid Syarif Abdurrahman al-Kadrie, descendant of Imam

Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq Ali al-Uraydi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, ( ar, علي العريضي بن جعفر الصادق, translit=ʿAlī al-ʿUrayḍī ibn Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq) better known simply as Ali al-Uraydi, was the son of Ja'far al-Sadiq and the brother of Isma'il, ...

. He had two political marriages in

Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. In Indonesia, "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo. In 2019, ...

, first with the daughter of Panembahan Mempawah and then with the daughter of the Sultan of Banjar. After the explorers arrived in Pontianak, they established the Kadariah Palace and received endorsement as the Sultan of Pontianak by the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock c ...

in 1779. The Pontianak Sultanate had friendly relations with the Lanfang Republic. Pontianak Sultan Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie was executed by the Japanese in the Pontianak incident along with all the other Malay Sultans of Kalimantan. Two of his sons were also beheaded by the Japanese. The last Sultan was Syarif Hamid Alkadrie, had earlier been interned by the occupying Japanese forces. He supported Federal state of

RIS Ris may refer to the following: * Ris, Puy-de-Dôme, a commune in France * Ris, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in France * Ris, Norway * Diane Ris (1932–2013), Catholic nun, educator and author * Friedrich Ris (1867–1931), Swiss physician and ento ...

, with his design of ''Garuda Pancasila'' adopted as

National emblem of Indonesia The national emblem or coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of th ...

. He was deposed when he was involved in a coup d'état attempt of

APRA APRA or Apra may refer to: Places *Apra, Punjab, a census town city in Jalandhar District of Punjab, India * Apra Harbor, the main port of Guam Acronyms * American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana), a Peruvi ...

History

List of Sultans of Pontianak

Family Tree

References

Further reading