Poniatowski Bridge

The Poniatowski Bridge ( pl, Most Poniatowskiego) is a bridge in Warsaw, Poland. Originally built between 1904 and 1914, it was damaged in each World War and rebuilt after each. It spans the Vistula River, connecting Warsaw's Powiśle and Praga districts. Its viaduct is an extension of Jerusalem Avenue, a principal Warsaw thoroughfare.

History

The 506 m long steel bridge, consisting of eight spans, was designed by Stefan Szyller. Its construction, begun in 1904, was carried out by the K. Rudzki i S-ka company and supervised by engineers Mieczysław Marszewski and Wacław Paszkowski. Kazimierz Ołdakowski was another engineer who worked on the bridge, before he took over the directorship of Fabryka Broni. Despite being viewed by many as an extravagance (opponents of its construction included the then mayor of Warsaw and the writer Bolesław Prus), it was opened on January 6, 1914, by the Russian Governor General, Georgi Skalon, as Warsaw's ''third'' bridge; hence it was nicknamed "third bridge" (Polish: "''trzeci most''") by the city's residents, though its official name was Bridge of Our Most Gracious Ruler, Tsar Nicholas II (Warsaw then being part of the Russian Empire, following the 18th-century partitions of Poland). After Poland regained independence in 1918, the bridge was renamed after Prince Józef Poniatowski and acquired a new nickname — "''Poniatoszczak''" — which it retains to this day.

The bridge suffered much during the World Wars. During the First World War, in 1915, the retreating Russian army blew up four of the spans to slow down the pursuing Germans. The bridge was hastily rebuilt by the Germans—only to burn down in an accident soon afterwards. After the war, the structure was rebuilt by the new Polish government over the course of five years, from 1921 to 1926. During the May Coup the bridge was the meeting place of the President of Poland, Stanisław Wojciechowski, and the leader of the coup, Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudski. During the Second World War the bridge was destroyed by German troops during the Warsaw Uprising, on 13 September 1944. That demolition was much more complete: all spans were toppled, and only the lower piers survived.

The first post-war plans by the new (communist) Polish government provided for the construction of a wooden temporary structure on the surviving pillars, but hasty work caused the bridge to collapse. Restored again on new pillars, the bridge was reopened again on 22 July 1946 by Bolesław Bierut. However, by now the reopened bridge had lost much of its pre-war splendor, as limited funds meant no resources to restore the various decorative neo-Polish renaissance features, such as the hand-made balustrades or stone benches. Some of the old pre-war benches, as well as one of the old spans, can be seen in the water near the bridge at low tide.
In 1949, under the direction of Eng. Tadeusz Chyliński of the Institute of Aviation, stain gauge measurements of stresses in the bridge spans were carried out during test loading.

Between 1963 and 1966 the bridge was widened, a trolley track was separated from the carriageway and the bridge was connected to the ''Wisłostrada'' expressway on the left bank of the Vistula by means of a long looping sloped roadway section which reminded some commentators of a snail's shell. During another repair and expansion in 1985-1990, when the roads on the right bank (Praga) were expanded, a temporary bridge (Syrena Bridge) was erected (it was in use until replaced by Świętokrzyski Bridge in 2000).

In 2004 a reconstruction and beautification program of the bridge began. By 2005 the small towers and the first four spans had been rebuilt. The tramway track was modernized and rebuilt in 2007.

Gallery

Image:Wiadukt polnocna most poniatowskiego 1914.jpg, Viaduct and small towers - north side, 1914
Image:Wiadukt poludniowa most poniatowskiego 1914.jpg, Viaduct and small towers - south side, 1914
Image:Poniatowski bridge - before IWW 01.jpg, The bridge before the First World War, 1914.
Image:Poniatowski bridge - before IWW 02.jpg, The bridge before the First World War, 1914.
Image:Gws warsawbridge 01.jpg, Bridge being rebuilt shortly before the fire of 1915
Image:Zniszczony przez wycofujących się Rosjan most Poniatowskiego 1915.jpg, Poniatowski Bridge after being blown up by the Russian Army in 1915
Image:Piłsudski_on_Poniatowski's_Bridge.jpg, Marshall Józef Piłsudski on Poniatowski Bridge, 1926.
Image:Poniatowski bridge - interwar period - 1936.jpg, The bridge in the interwar period (1936 or earlier).
Image:Most Poniatowskiego.jpg, Poniatowski Bridge - from below.
Image:Most Poniatowskiego.JPG, Poniatowski Bridge - from the river.

See also

* Łazienkowski Bridge
*Siekierkowski Bridge
* Świętokrzyski Bridge

References

One Unlucky Bridge
Warsaw Voice, 1 July 2001

External links

Satellite view
from Google Map

{{Vistula

Bridges completed in 1914
Bridges in Warsaw
Road bridges in Poland
Steel bridges
Deck arch bridges
May Coup (Poland)