''Ponera'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

ponerine Ponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including ''Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the fu ...

ant Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of 22 ...

s. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched').

Description

Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus is very similar to ''

Cryptopone ''Cryptopone'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae Ponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including ''Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's larges ...

'', ''

Hypoponera ''Hypoponera'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is found in all continents except Antarctica. Species *'' Hypoponera abeillei'' (André, 1881) *'' Hypoponera agilis'' (Borgmeier, 1934) ...

'' and ''

Pachycondyla ''Pachycondyla'' is a ponerine genus of ants found in the Neotropics. Distribution ''Pachycondyla'' is currently distributed from southern United States to northern Argentina, but some fossil species (e.g. '' P. eocenica'' and '' P. lutzi'') a ...

''.

Biology

''Ponera'' nests contain less than 100 workers in protected places on the ground, most often in the soil or in cracks, rotten wood, under bark or moss on rotten logs.

Distribution

''Ponera'' is known from the

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region ...

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono an ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

Species

*''

Ponera alisana ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus i ...

'' Terayama, 1986 *''

Ponera alpha ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera augusta'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera bableti'' Perrault, 1993 *''

Ponera baka ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *''

Ponera bawana ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera bishamon'' Terayama, 1996 *''

Ponera borneensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Taylor, 1967 *''

Ponera chapmani ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Taylor, 1967 *''

Ponera chiponensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Terayama, 1986 *''

Ponera clavicornis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Emery, 1900 *''

Ponera coarctata ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' (Latreille, 1802) *''

Ponera colaensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Mann, 1921 *''

Ponera diodonta ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *†''

Ponera elegantissima ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Meunier, 1923 *''

Ponera elegantula ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wilson, 1957 *''

Ponera exotica ''Ponera exotica'' is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. References Further reading * External links * Ponerinae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1962 {{ant-stub ...

'' Smith, 1962 *''

Ponera guangxiensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Zhou, 2001 *''

Ponera hubeiensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wang & Zhao, 2009 *''

Ponera incerta ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' (Wheeler, 1933) *'' Ponera indica'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *'' Ponera japonica'' Wheeler, 1906 *'' Ponera kohmoku'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera leae'' Forel, 1913 *†''

Ponera leptocephala ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Emery, 1891 *†''

Ponera lobulifera ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera loi'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera longlina'' Xu, 2001 *''

Ponera manni ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Taylor, 1967 *†'' Ponera mayri'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera menglana'' Xu, 2001 *''

Ponera nangongshana ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera norfolkensis'' Wheeler, 1935 *'' Ponera oreas'' (Wheeler, 1933) *''

Ponera paedericera ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Zhou, 2001 *'' Ponera pennsylvanica'' Buckley, 1866 *''

Ponera pentodontos ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera petila'' Wilson, 1957 *''

Ponera pianmana ''Ponera'' is a genus of Ponerinae, ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but alate, wi ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera rishen'' Terayama, 2009 *''

Ponera ruficornis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Spinola, 1851 *''

Ponera scabra ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Ponera selenophora'' Emery, 1900 *'' Ponera shennong'' Terayama, 2009 *''

Ponera sikkimensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Bharti & Rilta, 2015 *'' Ponera sinensis'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Ponera swezeyi'' (Wheeler, 1933) *'' Ponera syscena'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera sysphinctoides'' Bernard, 1950 *'' Ponera szaboi'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera szentivanyi'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera taipingensis'' Forel, 1913 *'' Ponera taiyangshen'' Terayama, 2009 *'' Ponera takaminei'' Terayama, 1996 *''

Ponera tamon ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera taylori'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *'' Ponera tenuis'' (Emery, 1900) *'' Ponera terayamai'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *''

Ponera testacea ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Emery, 1895 *'' Ponera tudigong'' Pierce, Leong & Guénard, 2019 *†'' Ponera wheeleri'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera woodwardi'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera wui'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *''

Ponera xantha ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus i ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera xenagos'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera yuhuang'' Terayama, 2009

References

External links

* Ponerinae Ant genera {{Ponerinae-stub