The pompadour green pigeon (genus ''Treron'') is a

pigeon Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

species complex. It is widespread in forests of southern and southeast

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

. Many authorities have

split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, enterta ...

the pompadour green pigeon into multiple species, which are listed below:

Distribution and habitat

It is a widespread group in forests of tropical southern Asia from

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

east to the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

and the

Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located eas ...

. In India, they are found as disjunct populations in the Western Ghats, some parts of the

Eastern Ghats The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains along India's eastern coast. The Eastern Ghats pass through Odisha, Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu in the south passing some parts of Karnataka as well as Telangana. They are eroded and cut ...

, Northeastern India and in the

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

Taxonomy

The distribution of the pompadour green pigeon is peculiarly disjunct and several are distinctive, leading many authorities to split it into six species:Gill, F., and D. Donsker (Eds). 2010.
IOC World Bird Names.
' Version 2.6. Accessed 18 November 2010. *

Sri Lanka green pigeon The Sri Lanka green pigeon or Ceylon green pigeon (''Treron pompadora'') is a pigeon in the genus '' Treron''. In Sri Lanka, this bird and several other green pigeon are known as ''bata goya'' in the Sinhala language. It is found in the forests ...

(''Treron pompadora'') from

Monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

. *

Grey-fronted green pigeon The grey-fronted green pigeon (''Treron affinis'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. It is found in the forests of the Western Ghats in India. Many authorities have split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. Description The ma ...

(''Treron affinis'') from the Western Ghats in India. Monotypic. *

Andaman green pigeon The Andaman green pigeon (''Treron chloropterus'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. It is found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. It has been added in the 2014 Red ...

(''Treron chloropterus'') from the

Andamans The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between the ...

and

Nicobars The Nicobar Islands are an archipelago, archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, northwest of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea. Located southeast of ...

. Monotypic. * Ashy-headed green pigeon (''Treron phayrei'') from northeast India and

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

, east to

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, and south through

Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...

(north of the

Isthmus of Kra The Kra Isthmus ( th, คอคอดกระ, ) in Thailand is the narrowest part of the Malay Peninsula. The western part of the isthmus belongs to Ranong Province and the eastern part to Chumphon Province, both in Southern Thailand. The ...

). Commonly considered monotypic, though some recognize the subspecies ''conoveri''. *

Philippine green pigeon The Philippine green pigeon (''Treron axillaris'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. It is found in the forests of the Philippines. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. Behaviour The Philippine green pig ...

(''Treron axillaris'') from the

. Includes the subspecies ''amadoni'', ''canescens'' and ''everetti''. *

Buru green pigeon The Buru green pigeon (''Treron aromaticus'') is a pigeon in the genus '' Treron''. It is found in the forests of Buru in Indonesia. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. Taxonomy The Buru green pigeon was ...

(''Treron aromaticus'') from small islands in the

Flores Sea The Flores Sea covers of water in Indonesia. The sea is bounded on the north by the island of Celebes and on the south by Sunda Islands of Flores and Sumbawa. Geography The seas that border the Flores Sea are the Bali Sea (to the west), Java ...

and

Buru Buru (formerly spelled Boeroe, Boro, or Bouru) is the third largest island within the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. It lies between the Banda Sea to the south and Seram Sea to the north, west of Ambon and Seram islands. The island belongs to Ma ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. Monotypic.

Description

The pompadour green pigeon complex are all stocky, medium-sized pigeons, in length, with some significantly larger than others (e.g., ''chloropterus'' is significantly larger than birds from the Asian mainland). The head is green to greenish-yellow, and the underparts are green, though males of the subspecies ''phayrei'' have a pale orange patch on the chest. The crown, including the forehead are usually grey, except in Sri Lanka green pigeons where the forehead is greenish-yellow. The undertail

coverts A covert feather or tectrix on a bird is one of a set of feathers, called coverts (or ''tectrices''), which, as the name implies, cover other feathers. The coverts help to smooth airflow over the wings and tail. Ear coverts The ear coverts are s ...

are mainly whitish or pale yellowish, though they are deep cinnamon in males of ''affinis'' and ''phayrei''. The wings are blackish with distinct yellow edging to the wing coverts and

tertials Flight feathers (''Pennae volatus'') are the long, stiff, asymmetrically shaped, but symmetrically paired pennaceous feathers on the wings or tail of a bird; those on the wings are called remiges (), singular remex (), while those on the tail ...

. The mantle is dark green in the female and deep purplish-

chestnut The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. The unrelat ...

in the male. In most birds, this includes the "shoulder", but in males of ''aromaticus'' the "shoulder" is very dark grey and in males of ''chloropterus'' it is green. Furthermore, males of ''aromaticus'' and some members of the ''axillaris'' group have a grey band above the mantle. The legs are reddish in most birds, but grey in the ''axillaris'' group. The eyes are

maroon Maroon ( US/ UK , Australia ) is a brownish crimson color that takes its name from the French word ''marron'', or chestnut. "Marron" is also one of the French translations for "brown". According to multiple dictionaries, there are var ...

-red or deep to very light blue (depends on subspecies), and the bill is whitish-grey with a dull, pale greenish or bluish base, except in the ''axillaris'' group where the base is red. File:TreronPhayrei.jpg, ''T. phayrei'' (male above, female below) File:OsmotreronAromaticaKeulemans.jpg, ''T. aromaticus'' (male in foreground, female behind) File:OsmotreronAxillaris.jpg, ''T. axillaris'' (male in foreground, female behind) File:Thimindu 2009 12 31 Kaudulla Pompadour Green Pigeon 2.jpg, ''T. pompadora'' (male) File:Treron pompadora affinis.JPG, '' T. affinis'' (male)

Behaviour

All species of the pompadour green pigeon complex usually occur singly or in small groups. Flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings that are characteristic of pigeons in general. They eat the seeds and

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

s of a wide variety of plants. They build a stick nest in a tree and lay two white

egg An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the a ...

References

* {{cite book, title=Birds of India, isbn=0-691-04910-6, author1=Grimmett, R. , author2=Inskipp, C. , author3=Inskipp, T. , name-list-style=amp *Collar, N.J. 2011. Species limits in some Philippine birds including the Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus. Forktail number 27: 29–38. *

Distribution and habitat

Taxonomy

Description

Behaviour

See also

References