The Madagascar harrier-hawk (''Polyboroides radiatus'') is a very large species of
bird of prey
Birds of prey or predatory birds, also known as raptors, are hypercarnivorous bird species that actively hunt and feed on other vertebrates (mainly mammals, reptiles and other smaller birds). In addition to speed and strength, these predat ...
in the family
Accipitridae
The Accipitridae is one of the three families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects to medium-s ...
,
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...
to
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
.
Description
The Madagascar harrier-hawk is a largish raptor with long and broad wings which when folded almost reach to the tip of the tail. It has a black tail with a single broad grey band bisecting the black half way along its length, Adult birds are grey above with blackish flight feathers. The underparts are white with dense dark barring on the breast, belly and underwing coverts while the upper breast and throat are the same colour as the upperparts and form a grey hood, broken by the yellow face. The bill is yellow with a black tip and the legs are yellow.
Distribution
The Madagascar harrier-hawk is quite widespread and common, albeit in small numbers, in most regions of Madagascar but it is scarce on the deforested central plateau. It can be found from sea level to altitude.
Habitat
The Madagascar harrier-hawk occurs in a variety of habitats but seems to favour undisturbed lowland rainforest.
It has also been recorded from montane rainforest, spiny desert scrub, degraded forests and other wooded habitats, including plantations of exotic trees.
[
]
Habits
The nest of the Madagascar harrier-hawk is a large, bulky structure which is constructed using sticks and situated approximately above the ground within the canopy of a tree.[ Nesting has been observed the months of September, October, and November.][ The eggs are brooded by both sexes and hatch asynchronously, with the older sibling often killing its younger brood mates. Fledging takes about seven weeks.][ On at least one occasion a nest was found within a colony of Sakalava weavers.][
The Madagascar harrier-hawk has a varied diet and has been recorded eating small birds, ]rodent
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...
s, reptiles, insect
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three ...
s, small lemur
Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are wet-nosed primates of the superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are endemic to the island of Madagas ...
s. Like the African harrier-hawk
The African harrier-hawk, harrier hawk or gymnogene (''Polyboroides typus'') is a bird of prey. It is about in length. It breeds in most of Africa south of the Sahara. The only other member of the genus is the allopatric Madagascar harrier-haw ...
they possess the unusual morphological adaptation of having an intertarsal joint that allows their legs to flex backwards and forwards. This means that they can use their feet to probe and remove prey from hidden sites such as holes in tree trunks, weaver nests and rock crevices where they can extract nestling birds from such normally inaccessible places.[
]
Taxonomic notes
The Madagascar harrier-hawk forms a superspecies with the African harrier-hawk and has been regarded by some authorities as a subspecies of that species. However, if that is the case then the combined species would be called ''P. radiatus'' as this name has priority.[
]
Gallery
Madagascar harrier-hawk 2.jpg, near Mahaboboka
Madagascar harrier-hawk 3.jpg, near Mahaboboka
Madagascar harrier-hawk 4.jpg, near Mahaboboka
Madagascar harrier-hawk 5.jpg, showing striated underside of wing
References
External links
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q304153
Madagascar harrier-hawk
The Madagascar harrier-hawk (''Polyboroides radiatus'') is a very large species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, endemic to Madagascar.
Description
The Madagascar harrier-hawk is a largish raptor with long and broad wings which when f ...
Endemic birds of Madagascar
Birds of prey of Madagascar
Madagascar harrier-hawk
The Madagascar harrier-hawk (''Polyboroides radiatus'') is a very large species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, endemic to Madagascar.
Description
The Madagascar harrier-hawk is a largish raptor with long and broad wings which when f ...
Madagascar harrier-hawk
The Madagascar harrier-hawk (''Polyboroides radiatus'') is a very large species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, endemic to Madagascar.
Description
The Madagascar harrier-hawk is a largish raptor with long and broad wings which when f ...
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot