Ukraine-Carpathian Mountains-Chornohora Range-19

Polonyna ( uk, полонина, polonyna; rue, полонина, polonyna; pl, połonina; sk, polonina) is a specific, regionally-focused

geographic Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and ...

term, that is used as a designation for areas of montane meadows (a

landform A landform is a natural or anthropogenic land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Landforms include hills, ...

type) in the upper subalpine or alpine zones of the

Carpathian Mountains The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...

. The term ''polonyna'' was introduced to English from

Slavic languages The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the Ear ...

, in order to designate various mountainous regions, mainly in the

Eastern Carpathians Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian mountains system. Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya Sy ...

, and also in the

Western Carpathians The Western Carpathians are a mountain range and geomorphological province that forms the western part of the Carpathian Mountains. The mountain belt stretches from the Low Beskids range of the Eastern Carpathians along the border of Poland wi ...

. The ''polonyna'' type areas of montane meadows are very frequent in the

Outer Eastern Carpathians Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian mountains system. Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya S ...

, particularly in the

Eastern Beskids The Eastern Beskids or Eastern Beskyds ( uk, Східні Бескиди; pl, Beskidy Wschodnie; rue, Выходны Бескиды; ro, Beskizii Orientali; russian: Восточные Бескиды) are a geological group of mountain ranges o ...

. Throughout history, they were used for

pasture Pasture (from the Latin ''pastus'', past participle of ''pascere'', "to feed") is land used for grazing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep, or swine ...

, and in modern times they have become a popular destination for various forms of recreational tourism. The noun ''polonyna'' (

plur Peace Love Unity Respect, commonly shortened to PLUR, is a set of principles that is associated with rave culture, originating in the United States. It has been commonly used since the early 1990s when it became commonplace in nightclub and rave fl ...

. ''polonynas'') and its corresponding adjectives (

anglicized Anglicisation is the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by English culture or British culture, or a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-English becomes English. It can also refer to the influen ...

as ''polonyne'' or ''polonynian'') are also used frequently in local

toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...

s throughout the Carpathian region. One of two main mountain ranges of the

is known as the ''Polonyne Beskids'' or ''Polonynian Beskids'' ( uk, Полонинські Бескиди; pl, Beskidy Połonińskie), and it includes several mountains that also contain the same term in their names, like: ''Smooth Polonyna'' ( pl, Połonina Równa; uk, Полонина Рівна), ''Polonyna Borzhava'' ( pl, Połonina Borżawska; uk, Полонина Боржава), ''Red Polonyna'' ( pl, Połonina Czerwona; uk, Червонa Полонина), etc.

References

Sources

* * {{Cite book, last=Tasenkevich, first=Lydia, chapter=Polonynas: Highlands Pastures in the Ukrainian Carpathians, title=Grasslands in Europe: Of High Nature Value, year=2009, location=Zeist, publisher=KNNV Publishing, pages=203–208, isbn=9789004278103, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ud5DwAAQBAJ

External links

Ukraine-Carpathian Mountains-Polonina Borzha Range-8

Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Polonynian Beskyd

Landforms Eastern Carpathians

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links