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Police psychology, also referred to as "police and public safety psychology," was formally recognized in 2013 by the American Psychological Association as a specialty in professional psychology. The goal of police psychology is to ensure law enforcement is able to perform their jobs safely, effectively, ethically, and lawfully.


Police psychologists

Police and public safety psychologists have specialty knowledge about the nature of police work. This specialized knowledge consists of police working environments, the goals of the agencies, stressors and trauma that public safety personnel experience, their responses to these stressors, and the interventions used to treat symptoms of PTSD. Additionally, police psychologists are aware of confidentiality and testimonial privilege when serving this community. These psychologists then apply the science and profession of psychology in four primary domains of practice: assessment (primarily preemployment assessments of prospective candidates and fitness-for-duty evaluations of incumbent personnel), clinical intervention, operational support, and organizational consultation. Police and public safety psychology intervention strategies primarily include short-term cognitive behavioral treatments and approaches. Training also includes review of research regarding the relative efficacy as well as the limitations of post-crisis interventions unique to law enforcement personnel (e.g., post-shooting incidents, line-of-duty deaths, deep undercover stress reactions). In addition, various modalities of treatment and programs are typically integrated within the training (e.g. peer support teams, EMDR, suicide intervention training, wellness coaching). Preparation for practice in operational psychology includes review of research in: crisis intervention, hostage negotiation, criminal profiling, psychological autopsy, and epidemiological factors affecting outcomes of various tactical situations.


Organizations

There are several police and law enforcement agencies in the world today that employ police and public safety psychologists and these are: * The Los Angeles Police Department - At the Behavioral Science Services * The
Federal Bureau of Investigation The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, t ...
- At the Behavioral Analysis Unit * U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations - A military investigative agency * The National Police Improvement Agency (UK) - Behavioural Investigative Advisors (BIA) * The Hong Kong Police - Hong Kong Police Force - Psychological Services Group * The Japanese Police - Japanese Nation Policy Agency -
National Research Institute of Police Science The National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS) is an attached organization of the National Police Agency of Japan. Its role includes: research and development, identification and analysis, and training. Address *6-3-1, Kashiwan ...
at the
Criminology Criminology (from Latin , "accusation", and Ancient Greek , ''-logia'', from λόγος ''logos'' meaning: "word, reason") is the study of crime and deviant behaviour. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioural and so ...
and Behavioral Sciences Section * Singapore Police Force - Police Psychological Services Department (PPSD), Police Headquarters. * Home Team Behavioural Sciences Centre , Singapore, at the Home Team Academy. * Western Australia Police Academy - Occupational Psychology Unit.


Professional organizations

* American Board of Police & Public Safety Psychology * American Psychological Association, Division 18 (Psychologists in Public Service), Police & Public Safety Section * Consortium of Police Psychological Services (COPPS) * International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), Police Psychological Services Section. * Society for Police and Criminal Psychology


Investigative psychology

Investigative psychology has gained its own following. This field was started in 1990 by Professor David Canter whilst at the University of Surrey, in the South of England (Canter and Youngs, (2009). It brings together issues relating to investigative information, the drawing of inferences and the ways in which law enforcement decision-making can be supported through scientific research. Investigative psychology grew directly out of empirical research. This field covers the full range of investigation related activities such as: * detection of deception, *
investigative interviewing Investigative interviewing is a non-coercive method for questioning victims, witnesses and suspects of crimes. Generally, investigative interviewing "involves eliciting a detailed and accurate account of an event or situation from a person to assis ...
, * statement analyses, * behavioral analyses of crimes. This sphere has been much abused worldwide with the spread of the use of originally Eastern methods, including gradual copying of the type of methods once associated to some areas of Asia, what characterizes the latter is the contacting of the suspect via mental means, "thinking to" techniques known already in Eastern Europe followed by repetition of the alleged offence continually mentally to make it start repeating itself in the mind and even begin to affect speech. Thus these type of investigations and any based on them, being most legally conducted in their areas of origin, are highly dubious.


Universities

*
Bond University Bond University is Australia's first private not-for-profit university and is located in Robina, a suburb in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland. Since its founding on 15 May 1989, Bond University has primarily been a teaching-focused higher ed ...
(
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
) * Griffith University (Australia). Masters of Science in Forensic Psychology. * University of South Australia (Australia). Master of Forensic Psychology. * Hong Kong University (while it doesn't specialise in police psychology, its faculty includes police psychologists. * University of Indonesia (Professor Sarlitos Wirawan Sarwono) *
Nanyang Technological University The Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a national research university in Singapore. It is the second oldest autonomous university in the country and is considered as one of the most prestigious universities in the world by various inte ...
( Singapore) (not a course itself — but a module). The Forensic Psychology of Crime, Terrorism and Disasters *
National University of Singapore The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a national public research university in Singapore. Founded in 1905 as the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Government Medical School, NUS is the oldest autonomous university in the c ...
. Correctional Psychology (Singapore) * Leicester University ( UK). Masters of Science in Forensic Psychology. * University of Liverpool (UK). Masters in Investigative and Forensic Psychology. * Portsmouth University (UK). Masters of Science in Forensic Psychology.


Police Psychology Blogs

* Dr. Gary S. Aumiller's ''Inside Police Psychology'' * Dr. Laurence Miller


References

{{Authority control Forensic psychology Law enforcement