Poisk (ISS module)

''Poisk '' (), also known as the ''Mini-Research Module 2'' (MRM 2, ), is a docking module of the International Space Station (ISS). Added in 2009, ''Poisk'' was the first major Russian addition to the International Space Station since 2001. ''Poisk'' is overall the same design as the docking module ''Pirs''. Whereas ''Pirs'' was attached to the nadir ("bottom") port of ''Zvezda'' until it was replaced by ''Nauka'', ''Poisk'' is attached to the zenith ("top"); ''Pirs'' was closer to the Earth with the ISS in its usual orientation, with ''Poisk'' on the other side. ''Poisk'' is Russian for ''explore'' or ''search''. ''Poisk'' combines various docking, EVA, and science capabilities. It has two egress hatches for EVAs in addition to the two spacecraft docking ports. Although ''Poisk'' is designated as Mini-Research Module 2, it arrived before Mini-Research Module 1 ('' Rassvet''), which had a different design; ''Poisk'' looks more like the ''Pirs'' docking port, which is not designated as a mini-research module.

Details

''Poisk'' docked to the zenith port of the ''Zvezda'' module on 12 November 2009, and serves as a docking port for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft and as an airlock for spacewalks. ''Poisk'' will also provide extra space for scientific experiments, and provide power-supply outlets and data-transmission interfaces for two external scientific payloads to be developed by the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Two spacewalks conducted from the ISS in June 2009, successfully completed activities anticipating ''Poisk'' module's future berthing.

On 5 June 2009, during Russian Orlan EVA-22 spacewalk Expedition 19/20 Commander Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer Michael Barratt installed two Kurs docking antennas, a docking target and electrical connectors on the exterior of ''Zvezda''s Service Module.

On 10 June 2009, during Russian Orlan EVA-23 spacewalk Padalka and Barratt replaced a flat hatch cover in the forward section of ''Zvezda'' with a standard conical docking cone cover to allow for ''Poisk''s docking.

On 14 January 2010, cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Maksim Suraev conducted a spacewalk to outfit the ''Poisk'' module to prepare for receiving Soyuz and Progress ships in the future. They deployed antennas and a docking target, installed two handrails and plugged the new module's Kurs antennas into the Kurs docking system circuitry. The spacewalk lasted five hours and 44 minutes.

On 21 January 2010, the module was first used when cosmonaut Suraev and Expedition 22 commander Jeffrey Williams relocated their Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft from the aft port of the ''Zvezda'' module to the zenith-facing port of the ''Poisk'' module. The Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft undocked from the aft end of the ''Zvezda'' service module at 10:03UTC and backed away to a distance of about 30m (100 feet) from the space station. Undocking occurred as the station flew about 343 km (213 miles) high off the southwest coast of Africa. Re-docking occurred at 10:24UTC after Suraev fired the ''Soyuz'' maneuvering thrusters to fly halfway around the orbiting space station and line up with the ''Poisk'' module.

Since the EVA on 18 November 2020, ''Poisk'' has been used for EVAs instead of the decommissioned ''Pirs'' Docking Compartment. In future, it will be standard practice to dock Soyuz vehicles to the nadir ports of ''Rassvet'' and ''Prichal'' and dock Progresses to the aft port of ''Zvezda'' and the zenith port of ''Poisk''. This is because the transfer chamber which connects to ''Zvezda''’s aft port has a small leak which requires the hatches to remain closed as much as possible, which would block access to a Soyuz if it were docked to ''Zvezda''’s aft port. In addition, Progress crafts are preferred for ''Zvezda''’s aft port as this enables them to perform ISS reboosts using their main engines. Progresses are also preferred for the ''Poisk'' zenith port as ''Poisk'' is now serving as the Russian Segment's airlock following the departure of ''Pirs'', and access to Soyuz craft docked to ''Poisk'' is blocked whilst ''Poisk'' is depressurized during spacewalks, which presents safety issues in an ISS evacuation scenario.

Design and construction

The module was designed and manufactured by S.P. Korolev RSC Energia, the organization engaged in the development and operational use of the ISS Russian segment.

Launch

The module was launched on 10 November 2009, 2:22 p.m. GMT attached to a modified Progress spacecraft, called Progress M-MIM2, on a Soyuz-U rocket from Launch Pad 1 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The occasion also marked the 1750th launch of a Soyuz rocket in its various configurations. About eight minutes after launch, the three-stage Soyuz rocket delivered ''Poisk'', to a low-altitude injection orbit. According to NASA ''Poisk'' carried about of cargo to the ISS including new Russian ''Orlan'' spacesuits, life support equipment, medical supplies and crew hygiene items.

The Progress space tug provided electrical power and propulsion for the ''Poisk'' module during its two-day journey to the space station. On 12 November, Progress began its automated final approach to the station on a Kurs rendezvous radar system and at 15:41UTC ''Poisk'' docked to the ''Zvezda'' module's zenith port. The docking happened as the space station sailed more than 354km (220 miles) over northern Kazakhstan.

Cosmonauts Maksim Suraev and Roman Romanenko entered the module for the first time by opening the hatch leading into ''Poisk'' at 12:17UTC on 13 November 2009.

The jettisoning of the Progress ship from the ''Poisk'' module happened around 8 December 2009. The Progress was destroyed during re-entry into the atmosphere.

Specifications

False depressurization alarm

False alarms woke the crews aboard space shuttle ''Atlantis'' and the Space Station at 01:36UTC on 20 November 2009 and once again at 02:53UTC on 21 November. An erroneous indication of a rapid depressurization led to the automatic shutdown of ventilation fans throughout the station, which stirred up dust and led to a false smoke detection alarm in the European Space Agency's ''Columbus'' laboratory. Mission control Capcom Frank Lien in Houston told the Expedition 21 Commander Frank De Winne that it might have originated from the ''Poisk'' module.

Visiting spacecraft

Gallery (exterior)

File:ISS-30 EVA Anton Shkaplerov.jpg, ISS crewmember attached to exterior of ''Poisk'' during an EVA
Image:Poisk approaches ISS 07.jpg, ''Poisk'' approaching the ISS for docking
File:Russian Segment.png, The Russian Orbital Segment - MRM-2 below upper Soyuz
File:Russian_Orbital_Segment.png, The location of MRM-2 and other modules on the Russian Orbital Segment

Gallery (interior)

File:Elena Serova works with the Kaskad cell cultivation experiment.jpg, Yelena Serova works on an experiment in ''Poisk''
File:Jeff Williams Max Suraev inspect Mini-Research Module 2.jpg, ISS crew inspect the new module's interior on Earth
File:ISS-22 Oleg Kotov works with the Plasma Crystal-3 experiment.jpg, Plasma Crystal experiment 3 in ''Poisk''
File:ISS-22 Maxim Suraev with two Russian Orlan-MK spacesuits in the Poisk module.jpg, Maksim Surayev next to two Orlan-MK spacsuits in ''Poisk''.

Diagram

See also

* Progress-M
* ''Rassvet'' (ISS module)
* Russian Orbital Segment
* Scientific research on the ISS

References

External links

{{Orbital launches in 2009

Russian components of the International Space Station
Spacecraft launched in 2009
2009 in Russia