''Pogonophryne'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of marine

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or hor ...

es belonging to the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Artedidraconidae The Artedidraconidae, barbeled plunderfishes, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes, notothenioids belonging to the Perciform suborder Notothenioidei. The family comprises four genera. These fishes are endemic to deep waters off Antarctica. ...

, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the

Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is regarded as the second-small ...

Taxonomy

''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

ichthyologist Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish ( Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 33,400 species of fish had been described as of Octobe ...

Charles Tate Regan Charles Tate Regan FRS (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. He did extensive work on fish classification schemes. Born in Sherborne, Dorset, he was educat ...

when he described a new species of fish, ''Pogonophryne scotti'', which had been collected on the

Terra Nova Expedition The ''Terra Nova'' Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. Led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, the expedition had various scientific and geographical objec ...

in the

Ross Sea The Ross Sea is a deep bay of the Southern Ocean in Antarctica, between Victoria Land and Marie Byrd Land and within the Ross Embayment, and is the southernmost sea on Earth. It derives its name from the British explorer James Clark Ross who vi ...

. ''P. scotti'' is, therefore, the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

of ''Pogonophryne'' by

monotypy In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

. The genus name is a

compound Compound may refer to: Architecture and built environments * Compound (enclosure), a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall ** Compound (fortification), a version of the above fortified with defensive struct ...

of ''pogonos'' meaning "beard", a reference to the barbel on the chin of ''P. scotti'', and "phryne" which means "toad", possibly an allusion to the bumps and knobs on the head, like the skin of a toad.

Species

There are currently 28 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Pogonophryne albipinna ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

Eakin Eakin is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Bruce Eakin, Canadian ice-hockey player *Chris Eakin, British newsreader *Cody Eakin, Canadian ice-hockey player *Douglas Holtz-Eakin, American economist * Harvey Eakin, former ...

, 1981 (White-fin plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne barsukovi ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Andriashev, 1967 (Stub-beard plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne bellingshausenensis ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Eakin, Eastman & Matallanas, 2008 (Spot-less nape plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne brevibarbata ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1 ...

'' Balushkin, Petrov & Prut'ko, 2011 (Short-beard plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne cerebropogon ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Eakin & Eastman, 1998 (Brain-beard plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne dewitti ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Eakin, 1988 (Dewitt's plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne eakini ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Balushkin, 1999 (Eakin's plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne favosa ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Balushkin & Korolkova, 2013 Balushkin, A.V. & Korolkova, E.D. (2013): New Species of Plunderfish ''Pogonophryne favosa'' sp. n. (Artedidraconidae, Notothenioidei, Perciformes) from the Cosmonauts Sea (Antarctica) with Description in Artedidraconids of Unusual Anatomical Structures–Convexitas Superaxillaris. ''Journal of Ichthyology, 53 (8): 562-574.'' * ''

Pogonophryne fusca ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Balushkin & Eakin, 1998 (Dusky plunderfish) * ''

Pogonophryne immaculata ''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ...

'' Eakin, 1981 (Spot-less plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne lanceobarbata'' Eakin, 1987 (Lance-beard plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne macropogon'' Eakin, 1981 (Great-beard plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne maculiventrata'' Spodareva & Balushkin, 2014 (Spot-belly plunderfish) Spodareva, V.V. & Balushkin, A.V. (2014): Description of a new species of plunderfish of genus ''Pogonophryne'' (Perciformes: Artedidraconidae) from the Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) with a key for the identification of species of the group "marmorata". ''Journal of Ichthyology, 54 (1): 1-6.'' * '' Pogonophryne marmorata''

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...

, 1938 (Marbled plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne mentella'' Andriashev, 1967 (Long-beard plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne neyelovi'' Shandikov & Eakin, 2013 (Hop-beard plunderfish) Shandikov, G.A. & Eakin, R.R. (2013)
''Pogonophryne neyelovi'', a new species of Antarctic short-barbeled plunderfish (Perciformes, Notothenioidei, Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea.
''ZooKeys, 296: 59–77.'' * '' Pogonophryne orangiensis'' Eakin & Balushkin, 1998 (Orange-beard plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne pallida'' Balushkin & Spodareva, 2015 (Pale plunderfish) Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2015): New species of the toad plunderfish of the "albipinna" group, genus ''Pogonophryne'' (Artedidraconidae) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica). ''Journal of Ichthyology, 55 (6): 757-764.'' * '' Pogonophryne pavlovi'' Balushkin, 2013 (Pavlov's plunderfish) Balushkin, A.V. (2013)
A new species of ''Pogonophryne'' (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea, Antarctica.
''Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 317 (2): 119-124.'' * '' Pogonophryne permitini'' Andriashev, 1967 (Fine-spotted plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne platypogon'' Eakin, 1988 (Flat-beard plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne sarmentifera'' Balushkin & Spodareva, 2013 Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2013): ''Pogonophryne sarmentifera'' sp. nov. (Artedidraconidae; Notothenioidei; Perciformes) – the deep-water species of Antarctic plunderfishes from the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean). ''Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 317 (3): 275-281.'' * '' Pogonophryne scotti'' Regan, 1914 (Saddle-back plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne skorai'' Balushkin & Spodareva, 2013 Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2013): ''Pogonophryne skorai'' sp. n. (Perciformes: Artedidraconidae), a new species of toadlike plunderfish from the Bransfield Strait and coastal waters of the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). ''Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 39 (3): 196–201.'' * '' Pogonophryne squamibarbata'' Eakin & Balushkin, 2000 (Scale-beard plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne stewarti'' Eakin, Eastman &

Near NEAR or Near may refer to: People * Thomas J. Near, US evolutionary ichthyologist * Near, a developer who created the higan emulator Science, mathematics, technology, biology, and medicine * National Emergency Alarm Repeater (NEAR), a former ...

, 2009 (Stewart's plunderfish) * '' Pogonophryne tronio'' Shandikov, Eakin & Usachev, 2013 (Turquoise plunderfish) Shandikov, G.A., Eakin, R.R. & Usachev, S. (2013)
''Pogonophryne tronio'', a new species of Antarctic short-barbeled plunderfish (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea with new data on Pogonophryne brevibarbata.
''Polar Biology, 36 (2): 273-289.'' * '' Pogonophryne ventrimaculata'' Eakin, 1987 (Spot-belly plunderfish)

Characteristics

''Pogonophryne'' plunderfishes have a broad head which is flattened with post-temporal ridges which vary from weakly to well developed. They have a snout which is longer than the diameter of the eye and a broad space between the eyes. The mental barbel, the barbel on the chin which characterises the barbeled plunderfishes, is tapered to a point or expanded at its tip to a varying extent and frequently has branched or simple processes. The pper

lateral line The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial ...

has tubular scales at the front and disc-shaped scales towards the back. The middle lateral line normally has disc¬shaped scales to the front and tubular scales to the rear, frequently these are interspersed with disc-shaped scales. The maximum length of these fishes varies from a

standard length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish m ...

of in ''P. albipinna'' to a

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish ...

of in ''P. neyelovi''.

Distribution, habitat and biology

''Pogonophryne'' plunderfishes are found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica reaching as far north as the

South Shetland Islands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands with a total area of . They lie about north of the Antarctic Peninsula, and between southwest of the nearest point of the South Orkney Islands. By the Antarctic Treaty of 195 ...

. They are bathydemersal or bathypelagic in deeper water typically at depths greater than . Their biology is little known but they are known to feed on polychaetes and crustaceans such as mysids, isopods and copepods.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2261814 Artedidraconidae Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan Marine fish genera