Poesia marginal () is a manifestation of (mostly) youth poetry produced in the

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

from around 1970 to 1985. It appeared, principally in Rio de Janeiro, immediately after

Tropicália Tropicália (), also known as Tropicalismo (), was a Brazilian artistic movement that arose in the late 1960s. It was characterized by the amalgamation of Brazilian genres—notably the union of the pop culture, popular and the avant-garde, as ...

during the early 1970s, in opposition to academic restrictions and against the

censorship Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments ...

imposed by the Brazil's military dictatorship from 1964. Anti-normative intellectuals, new academics, and various poets and visual artists throughout the country began to seek alternative means of cultural dissemination in the face of closed cultural opportunities. Poets notably used the mimeograph machine to print texts. This technology led to the nickname "Mimeograph Generation" for the out-of-the-mainstream poets of the time. The "marginal" movement has interested scholars more as a socio-cultural phenomenon than as an aesthetic project per se. The poetry groups had links with the other arts—music, theater, cinema—and extended, through other media, through the 1980s and even 1990s. As a result of being produced and distributed through a supply chain and being passed from person to person, as the Samizdat was in the Soviet bloc, the poetry produced by the mimeograph generation was called "marginal". Some important names in this period were Torquato Neto, Cacaso,

Ana Cristina Cesar Ana Cristina César (June 2, 1952 – October 29, 1983) was a poet, literary critic and translator from Rio de Janeiro. She came from a middle-class Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows th ...

Waly Salomão Waly Dias Salomão (September 3, 1943 – May 5, 2003) was a Brazilian poet. He was born in Jequié, Bahia. He acted on several areas of Brazilian culture as poet, songwriter and writer. His first book was “Me segura qu’eu vou dar um troç ...

, filmmaker

Glauber Rocha Glauber de Andrade Rocha (; 14 March 1939 – 22 August 1981) was a Brazilian film director, actor and screenwriter. He was one of the most influential moviemakers of Brazilian cinema and a key figure of Cinema Novo. His films ''Black God, White ...

Paulo Leminski Paulo Leminski Filho (August 24, 1944 – June 7, 1989) was a Brazilian writer, poet, translator, journalist, advertising professional, songwriter, literary critic, biographer, teacher and judoka. He was noted for his avant-garde work, an experim ...

, songwriter Caetano Veloso, artist Lygia Clark and artist Hélio Oiticica.Mattoso, Glauco. O que é poesia marginal? ("What is marginal poetry?") (essays) São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1981. In 1975, a book titled ''26 Poetas Hoje'' (26 Poets Today) was published, edited by

Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda (born 26 July 1939) is a Brazilian writer, essayist, editor and literary critic. Her research activity focuses on the relationship between culture and development, particularly with regard to poetry, feminism, gender ...

. The poets of the "Mimeograph Generation" included in this collection were:

References and notes

+ Brazilian poetry {{Brazil-arts-stub

Further reading

References and notes