The Poem of Sidi Boushaki () is a

poem Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings in ...

arabic grammar Arabic grammar or Arabic language sciences ( ar, النحو العربي ' or ar, عُلُوم اللغَة العَرَبِيَّة ') is the grammar of the Arabic language. Arabic is a Semitic language and its grammar has many similarities with ...

written by the theologian and linguist

Sidi Boushaki Sidi Boushaki or Ibrahim Ibn Faïd Ez-Zaouaoui () (1394 CE/796 AH – 1453 CE/857 AH) was a maliki theologian born near the town of Thenia, east of Algiers. He was raised in a very spiritual environment with high Islamic values and ethics wi ...

(1394-1453).

About Sidi Boushaki

He is Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Fayed al-Zawawi, an exeget of

Quran The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Classical Arabic, Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation in Islam, revelation from God in Islam, ...

jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...

and

linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

, born in the

Soumâa Soumâa or Thala Oufella is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria. Location The village is surrounded by Meraldene River and Isser River, and also the town of Thenia in the Khachna mountain range. Zawiya * Zawiyet Sidi Bous ...

village near the town of

Thénia Thénia (), sometimes written as ''Thenia'', with around 40,000 inhabitants, is the chief town in the daïra of the same name, in the wilaya of Boumerdès, in northern Algeria. Historically, the name is a contraction of ''Theniet Beni Aicha'' (ث� ...

from the works of

Djurdjura The Djurdjura or Jurjura Range ( ar, جبال جرجرة, ''Jabal Jurjura''; Berber ''Adrar n Jerjer'') is a mountain range of the Tell Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountain System. It is located in Kabylie, Algeria. Geography The Djurdjura is a mass ...

in 796 AH and died in the year 857 AH, and was buried next to

Meraldene River The Oued Meraldene or Oued Merabtene, also called Oued Bourdine, is a river of Algeria located in Kabylia within the framework of the Province of Boumerdès. Presentation The ''Meraldène'' stream is one of the main tributaries of the Boumerd ...

in the

Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki Zawiyet Sidi Brahim Boushaki ( ar, زاوية سيدي إبراهيم البوسحاقي) or Zawiyet Thénia is a zawiya of the Rahmaniyya Sufi brotherhood located in Boumerdès Province within lower Kabylia of Algeria. Construction The za ...

within the Khachna Mountains. He has several books, the most famous of which are: * An

exegesis Exegesis ( ; from the Ancient Greek, Greek , from , "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation (logic), interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Bible, Biblical works. In modern usage, ...

of the

called "Tafsir al-Zawawi" (). * Three commentaries of the Mukhtasar Khalil on

Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...

fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

(). * "Talkhis al-Talkhis", is an explanation of the book Talkhis al-Miftah on

rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...

, meanings and statement ().

Description

The ''Poem of Sidi Boushaki'' is considered as one of the most famous books of the Arabic tongue in the

Islamic world The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In ...

that dealt with

grammar In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structure, structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clause (linguistics), clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraint ...

by explaining the

prose Prose is a form of written or spoken language that follows the natural flow of speech, uses a language's ordinary grammatical structures, or follows the conventions of formal academic writing. It differs from most traditional poetry, where the f ...

text of Expressing the Arabic grammar rules written by

Ibn Hisham al-Ansari Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari (708 AH – 761 AH) (1309 CE – 1360 CE) was an Egyptian scholar of Arabic grammar. Biography ''Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari'' was born in Cairo in Dhu al-Qadah, in the year of 708 AH, corresponding to the year 1309&nbs ...

. It is considered one of the most famous entries on arabic grammar among the books of Sidi Boushaki, and there are several manuscripts and published books interpreting and explaining this poem under the title "Argouzat al-Zawawi in grammar" ().

The grammarian Sidi Boushaki composed his poem in 150 verses in accordance the arabic poetry metre called

rajaz Rajaz (, literally 'tremor, spasm, convulsion as may occur in the behind of a camel when it wants to rise') is a metre used in classical Arabic poetry. A poem composed in this metre is an ''urjūza''. The metre accounts for about 3% of surviving ...

. He demonstrated in this text about his mastery in the

arabic prosody ( ar, اَلْعَرُوض, ) is the study of metre (poetry), poetic meters, which identifies the meter of a poem and determines whether the meter is sound or broken in lines of the poem. It is often called the ''Science of Poetry'' ( ar, عِل� ...

and poetry, which gave the poem acceptance, admiration and spread in the world.

Summary

The author divided his long poem into three main sections, namely the introduction, then the body, and finally the conclusion. In the first six verses, the author provided a summary of the content of the poem, which aims to teach

Arabic grammar Arabic grammar or Arabic language sciences ( ar, النحو العربي ' or ar, عُلُوم اللغَة العَرَبِيَّة ') is the grammar of the Arabic language. Arabic is a Semitic language and its grammar has many similarities with ...

and

ʾIʿrab (, ) is an Arabic term for the system of nominal, adjectival, or verbal suffixes of Classical Arabic to mark grammatical case. These suffixes are written in fully vocalized Arabic texts, notably the '' '' or texts written for children or Arabic ...

according to rajaz type, which is an easy-to-memorize expression on the part of students of the

Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

. Then came the text of the poem in 138 verses divided into four chapters, the first chapter is about the sentence (), the second chapter is about the

preposition and postposition Prepositions and postpositions, together called adpositions (or broadly, in traditional grammar, simply prepositions), are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (''in'', ''under'', ''towards'', ''before'') or mark various ...

(), the third chapter is about the exceptional words in

parsing Parsing, syntax analysis, or syntactic analysis is the process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar. The term ''parsing'' comes from Lati ...

, and the fourth chapter is about the special phrases in parsing. The writer concluded his poem in the chapter on the conclusion, where he singled out six verses to summarize his composition, praise God (

Allah Allah (; ar, الله, translit=Allāh, ) is the common Arabic word for God. In the English language, the word generally refers to God in Islam. The word is thought to be derived by contraction from '' al- ilāh'', which means "the god", an ...

) and pray to

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, di ...

Annotations

Several linguists have written books on explaining the poem of Sidi Boushaki, due to its simplicity and ease of preservation in schools. Among these narrations and exegeses, we can cite: * Grammatical quotation in explaining the poetry of Al-Zawawi (arabic: القبس النحوي في شرح نظم الزواوي). * The sweet resource containing the explanation of the poem of Imam Al-Zawawi (arabic: المنهل العذب الحاوي شرح أرجوزة الإمام الزواوي). * The new saying in the useful explanation of Al-Zawawi (arabic: القول الجديد في شرح الزواوي المفيد). * The host guide and assistant to the one who intends to understand the poem of Al-Zawawi (arabic: المرشد الآوي ومعين الناوي لفهم قصيدة الزواوي). * The students’ goal in explaining Al-Zawawi’s poetry of the rules of syntax (arabic: ضالة الطلاب في شرح نظم الزواوي لقواعد الإعراب). * The new in explaining the poetry of Al-Zawawi to express the Arabic language (arabic: الجديد في شرح نظم الزواوي لإعراب اللفظ العربي). * Poem of Al-Zawawi (arabic: نظم الزواوي).

References

External links