The plum-crowned parrot (''Pionus tumultuosus'') is a South American species of

parrot Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are birds of the roughly 398 species in 92 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes (), found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoide ...

from the humid

Andean The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S l ...

forests from central

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

, to Bolivia. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the white-capped parrot (''Pionus seniloides''). Before the split the common name of the combined taxa was "speckle-faced parrot". The two were originally described as separate species, are morphologically distinctive, and there is no evidence of

intergradation In zoology, intergradation is the way in which two distinct subspecies are connected via areas where populations are found that have the characteristics of both. There are two types of intergradation: primary and secondary intergradation. Primary ...

, but this in itself is not remarkable, as their distributions are separated by a gap of approx. 150 km.

References

Pionus Birds of the Peruvian Andes Birds of the Bolivian Andes Birds described in 1844 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{parrot-stub