The Pleurothallidinae are a neotropical subtribe of

plant Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all curr ...

s of the orchid family (

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

) including 29 genera in more than 4000 species. Naturally occurring species of this subtribe are among the more popular orchids of horticulturalists, especially the genera ''Dracula'', ''Dryadella'', ''Masdevallia'' and ''Restrepia''. The following

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

are considered

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

: ''

Barbosella ''Barbosella'' is a genus of mostly creeping orchids. The genus has about 20 species, widespread across the West Indies and Latin America from Mexico and the Lesser Antilles to Argentina. Named after João Barbosa Rodrigues, an investigator of B ...

'' (including '' Barbrodia''), ''

Dracula ''Dracula'' is a novel by Bram Stoker, published in 1897. As an epistolary novel, the narrative is related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist, but opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker taki ...

'', ''

Dresslerella ''Dresslerella'' is a genus of miniature orchids, with about 13 species native to South and Central America. The genus is named after orchidologist Robert L. Dressler. Some species are noted to be pubescent The adjective pubescent may describe: ...

'', ''

Dryadella ''Dryadella'' is a genus of miniature orchids, formerly included in the genus '' Masdevallia''. Plants are typically composed of a tuft of leaves from 3 to 6 cm long. The small (1–2 cm) flowers are often conspicuously spotted, and ar ...

'', ''

Lepanthes ''Lepanthes'' (from Greek "scaled-flower") is a large genus of orchids with about 800–1000 species, distributed in the Antilles and from Mexico through Bolivia (with very few species in Brazil). The genus is abbreviated in horticultural trade a ...

'', ''

Masdevallia ''Masdevallia'', abbreviated Masd in horticultural trade, is a large genus of flowering plants of the Pleurothallidinae, a subtribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). There are over 500 species, grouped into several subgenera. The genus is name ...

'', ''

Platystele ''Platystele'' is a genus of orchids, comprising about 95 species. Most of these have small flowers, some of the smallest in the family. The genus is widespread across Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America as far south as Bo ...

'', ''

Porroglossum ''Porroglossum'' (from Greek "far off" and "tongue", referring to the position of the lip) is a genus of orchids native to the Andes of South America. The center of diversity lies in Ecuador, with many of the species endemic to that country, tho ...

'', ''

Restrepia ''Restrepia'', abbreviated Rstp in horticultural trade, is a small genus of 50orchids in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), closely related to ''Pleurothallis''. Named in honor of Don Jose Restrepo, it tends to be more showy than most other Pleur ...

'', ''

Scaphosepalum ''Scaphosepalum'' (from Greek "boatlike sepals") is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The species in this genus are mostly found in Central and South America, with one species extending into southern Mexico. In accorda ...

'', '' Trisetella'', and ''

Zootrophion ''Zootrophion'' (abbreviated ''Zo.'') is a genus of 23 known species of orchid, native to Central America, South America and the West Indies. The stems have inflated, flattened sheaths. The flowers bear sepal A sepal () is a part of the ...

''. Many genera in the Pleurothallidinae were found

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

, for example species attributed to the genus ''

Pleurothallis ''Pleurothallis'' is a genus of orchids commonly called bonnet orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word , meaning "riblike branches". This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. The genus is often abbreviated as "Pths" in hor ...

''are scattered across five clades.

Genera

Genera recognized in Chase et al.'s 2015 classification of orchids: ''

Acianthera ''Acianthera'' is a genus of orchids native to the tropical parts of the Western Hemisphere, especially Brazil.de Melo, M. C., Borba, E. L., & Paiva, E. A. S. (2010)Morphological and histological characterization of the osmophores and nectaries ...

'' – ''

Anathallis ''Anathallis'' is a genus of orchids, comprising about 97 species native to Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies. Selected species The genus includes the following species: * '' Anathallis abbreviata'' * ''Anathallis acum ...

'' – '' Andinia'' – ''

'' – ''

Brachionidium ''Brachionidium'' (or cup orchid) is a genus of about 72 species of orchids, found throughout much of tropical America (Central America, the West Indies, and South America as far south as Brazil and Bolivia).Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Páramos, a check ...

'' – ''

Chamelophyton ''Chamelophyton'' is a genus of orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are on ...

'' – ''

Dilomilis ''Dilomilis'' is a genus of orchids, (family Orchidaceae), consisting of five species in the Greater Antilles The Greater Antilles ( es, Grandes Antillas or Antillas Mayores; french: Grandes Antilles; ht, Gwo Zantiy; jam, Grieta hAntiliiz) ...

'' – ''

Diodonopsis ''Diodonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragra ...

'' – ''

Draconanthes ''Draconanthes'' (from Greek, "dragon flower") is a genus of orchids, comprising two species. These have rigid, fleshy sepals and fleshy petals with a thick lip, and are borne on successively flowered racemes. One species is endemic to Ecuador, ...

'' – ''

Echinosepala ''Echinosepala'' is a proposed genus of orchids comprising the subgenera ''Silenia'' and ''Satyria'' of the genus ''Myoxanthus''. There is little reason to resist this change, thus ''Echinosepala'' is widely accepted. The genus contains 8 specie ...

'' – ''

Frondaria ''Frondaria caulescens'' is a species of orchid and the sole species of the genus ''Frondaria''. The species is found at high altitudes from central Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Esta ...

'' – ''

Kraenzlinella ''Kraenzlinella'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae, first described as a genus in 1903. It is native to S Mexico, Central America, and South America.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (20 ...

'' – ''

Lepanthopsis ''Lepanthopsis'', abbreviated as Lpths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids with about 43 currently known species. They are distributed mostly in the Andes and the Caribbean, with some species in Central America, southern Mexico and Flo ...

'' – ''

Myoxanthus ''Myoxanthus'' (from Greek for "dormouse" and "flower") is a genus of orchids with about 50 species, widely distributed in Central and South America. This genus is a close ally of '' Pleurothallis''. The genera ''Chaetocephala'' Barb.Rodr ...

'' – ''

Neocogniauxia ''Neocogniauxia'' is a genus of orchids, (family Orchidaceae), consisting of two species in the Greater Antilles. The genus is named for botanist Alfred Cogniaux Célestin Alfred Cogniaux (7 April 1841 – 15 April 1916) was a Belgian b ...

'' – ''

Octomeria ''Octomeria'' (from Greek "eight part", referring to its 8 pollinia) is a plant genus belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises about 150 species native to the Neotropics, mostly in Brazil.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & ...

'' – ''

Pabstiella ''Pabstiella'' is a small orchid genus belonging to the subfamily Epidendroideae. They occur in Central and Tropical America. While the "Checklist of Monocotyledons" of Kew Botanical Gardens (2005) Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Ras ...

'' – ''

Phloeophila ''Phloeophila'' is a genus of orchids belonging to the tribe Pleurothallidinae. While an initial molecular phylogeny in 2013 suggested that the type species of the genus (''Phloeophila nummularia'') was nested within ''Pabstiella'', further samp ...

'' – ''

Pleurothallopsis ''Pleurothallopsis'' is a genus of orchids comprising about 18 species native to western South America and southern Central America. Species list *'' Pleurothallopsis carnosa'' *'' Pleurothallopsis clausa'' *'' Pleurothallopsis inaequalis'' * ...

'' – ''

Restrepiella ''Restrepiella'' is a genus of orchid native to Mexico, Colombia, Florida and Central America.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2006). Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum 4: 1-672. Oxford University Press, Ne ...

'' – ''

Sansonia ''Pleurothallis'' is a genus of orchids commonly called bonnet orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word , meaning "riblike branches". This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. The genus is often abbreviated as "Pths" in h ...

'' – ''

Specklinia ''Specklinia'' is a genus of orchids native to South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It contains approximately 100 species. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 105 species: References

Specklinia, Pleurotha ...

'' – ''

Stelis ''Stelis'', or leach orchids, is a large genus of orchids, with perhaps 500 species. The generic name ''Stelis'' is the Greek word for 'mistletoe', referring to the epiphytic habit of these species. These mainly epiphytic (rarely lithophytic) p ...

'' – ''

Teagueia ''Teagueia'' is a genus of orchids. They are found at high altitudes in the Andes in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador.Luer, C. A. 1991. Icones Pleurothallidinarum–VIII. Systematics of ''Lepanthopsis'', ''Octomeria'' subgenus ''Pleurothallopsis, Restr ...

'' – ''

Tomzanonia ''Tomzanonia'' is a genus of orchids, (family Orchidaceae), consisting of a single species, ''Tomzanonia filicina'' endemic to the Massif de la Hotte in Haiti.Nir, Mark A. 1997. Lindleyana 12(4): 186, f. 4 The genus is named for Dr. Tom Zanoni ...

'' – ''

Trichosalpinx ''Trichosalpinx'', commonly known as the bonnet orchid,Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2006). Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum 4: 1-672. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford. is a genus of Neotropic ...

'' – '' Trisetella'' – ''

References

DNA-based reclassification of the Pleurothallidinae

Alec M. Pridgeon, Rodolfo Solano and Mark W. Chase - Phylogenetic relationships in Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): combined evidence from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences; American Journal of Botany. 2001;88:2286-2308
Orchid subtribes {{Epidendreae-stub