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''Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto'' (PIV; ''Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto'') is a monolingual dictionary of the language
Esperanto. It was first compiled in 1970 by a large team of Esperanto
linguists and specialists under the guidance of
Gaston Waringhien and is published by the
Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda
Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (SAT; en, World Anational Association) is an independent worldwide cultural Esperanto association of a general left-wing orientation. Its headquarters are in Paris. According to Jacques Schram, chairman of the Executi ...
(SAT). It may be consulte
onlinefor free.
The term "illustrated" refers to two features:
1 - The use of clipart-like symbols rather than abbreviations for certain purposes
(eg, entries pertaining to agriculture are marked with a small image of a sickle rather than a note like "''Agri''." for "Agrikulturo".)
2 - The occasional use of a line-art sketch illustrating the item being defined.
These sketches are not used for most entries.
The entries that do have a sketch are most commonly plants and animals, and sometimes tools.
History
Original publication
First published in 1970, the PIV has undergone two
revision
Revision is the process of revising.
More specifically, it may refer to:
* Update, a modification of software or a database
* Revision control, the management of changes to sets of computer files
* ''ReVisions'', a 2004 anthology of alternate hi ...
s to date and is considered by many to be something of a standard for Esperanto, thanks mainly to its unchallenged scope—15,200 words and 39,400
lexical unit
In lexicography, a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈ vocabulary). Examples are ''cat'', ''traffic light'', ''take care of'', ''by the way' ...
s. However, it is also criticized as excessively influenced by the
French language and politically biased. Moreover, its few and often outmoded illustrations appeared only as an
appendix.
Supplement of 1987
In 1987, a supplement was separately published, produced under the guidance of
Gaston Waringhien and
Roland Levreaud. It covered approximately 1000 words and 1300 lexical units.
2002 and 2005 editions
In 2002, after many years of work, a new revised edition appeared with the title ''La Nova Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto'' (The New PIV), also dubbed PIV2 or PIV2002. Its chief editor was
Michel Duc-Goninaz. PIV2002 (much like PIV2005) includes 16,780 words and 46,890 lexical units. Its illustrations are no longer located on the last pages, but rather are incorporated into the text itself.
The edition was first presented to the
SAT
The SAT ( ) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Since its debut in 1926, its name and scoring have changed several times; originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, it was later called the Schol ...
congress in
Alicante
Alicante ( ca-valencia, Alacant) is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city was 337,482 , the second-largest in t ...
,
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
in July 2002. The stock of 2000 printed books ran out in 2004, and a new edition, ''La Plena Ilustrita Vortaro Eldono 2005'' with corrected typos and detailed modifications, appeared in March 2005.
Bertilo Wennergren
Bertilo Wennergren ( sv, Bertil Wennergren; ; born 4 October 1956) is a Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken p ...
—a member of the
Akademio de Esperanto
The Akademio de Esperanto (AdE; en, Academy of Esperanto, link=yes) is an independent body of Esperanto speakers who steward the evolution of said language by keeping it consistent with the ''Fundamento de Esperanto'' in accordance with the Decl ...
, the group which attempts to define standards of good Esperanto usage—has compiled a 25,000-word critique of the 2002 and 2005 editions. (Misprints and erroneous usages from the 2002 edition that were corrected in the subsequent edition have been retained for archival reasons but are shown on his web page as struck out.) One may note, for example, that the PIV still contains a
Gallicism
A Gallicism can be:
* a mode of speech peculiar to the French;
* a French idiom;
* in general, a French mode or custom.
* a loanword, word or phrase borrowed from French.
See also
* Francization
* Franglais
* Gallic (disambiguation)
* Gallican R ...
or two; Wennergren mentions that the PIV headword tamul/o is defined as one who belongs to an ethnic group in "Tamulio" (
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a state in southern India. It is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language ...
) and
Sri Lanka, where words like ''tamilo'' and ''Tamilio'', respectively, might have been preferable. He suggests that the "i" vowel in the second syllable is more internationally recognizable than "u", suggesting that the form ''tamulo'' is supported only in the
French word ''tamoul'', but the PIV does not include a headword tamil/o or even list it as a synonym.
[Bertilo Wennergren,]
Lande, urbe, popole, lingve
("About countries, peoples, languages") in ''Kritikaj notoj pri la Plena Ilustrita Vortaro 2002 kaj 2005'' ("Critical notes on the 2002 and 2005 editions of PIV"), 9 April 2012. Accessed 2 February 2013.
2020 edition
The last traditionally printed edition of the book was published in the year 2020, the 50th anniversary of the PIV. After that it is planned to permanently update the website of the project and to offer a
Print on demand
Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which book copies (or other documents, packaging or materials) are not printed until the company receives an order, allowing prints of single or small quantities. While oth ...
edition of the book based on the latest version of the website.
PIV online
In August 2010, it was announced that SAT reached an agreement with the educational organization
E@I
E@I ("Education@Internet") is an international youth non-profit organization that hosts educational projects and meetings to support intercultural learning and the usage of languages and internet technologies.
E@I started as an informal intern ...
to convert the PIV into an online searchable version. The SAT, which previously put off a PIV electronic edition out of fear of undercutting the market for the paper version, is donating the rights to use the PIV text free of charge. However, E@I estimated that the conversion process will cost a minimum of 10,000 euros, which would need to be contributed by Esperanto organizations and individual Esperantists.
Although at the beginning of 2011, the fundraising efforts had yet to reach the halfway point, several large donations pushed the vortaro.net fund to 13,540 euros by April 14, 2011 and E@I reported work on the online PIV was underway. On April 4, 2012, a beta version of the online PIV system was made available to the public for testing.
[{{Citation
, title = Reta PIV fine aperos
, work = Libera Folio
, publisher =
, language = Esperanto
, date = 4 April 2012
, url = http://www.liberafolio.org/2012/reta-piv-fine-aperos
, format =
, doi =
, accessdate = 4 April 2012]
See also
*''
Vortaro de Esperanto
The ''Vortaro de Esperanto'' ( en, italic=yes, Dictionary/Lexicon of Esperanto), published by Kazimierz Bein in 1911, was the first monolingual dictionary ever published in Esperanto.
It is considered the predecessor of the '' Plena Vortaro de E ...
''
References
Further reading
*Ziko Marcus Sikosek: Das neue Plena Ilustrita Vortaro. Zwölf Jahre Arbeit zwischen Tradition und Erneuerung. (''Esperanto aktuell'', 2002/6, S. 14/15)
* A. Caubel, ''De A ĝis Z: Pli malpli zigzage pri la P.I.V'' (''Sennaciulo'' 1969/6, p. 58-60)
* Detlev Blanke, ''Recenzo pri Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto'' (''Der esperantist'' 1970:44, p. 4-6)
* I.N., ''Plena Ilustrita Vortaro'', (''Brita Esperantisto'' 764, 1970, p. 328)
* Reto Rossetti, ''Paŝo per sepmejla boto'', (''Brita Esperantisto'' 768, 1970, p. 419-423)
* Fernando De Diego, ''Epokfara vortaro: La Plena Ilustrita'', (''Boletin'' 45(181), 1970, p. 20-22)
* Gaston Waringhien, ''la sortie du premier dictionnaire illustré d′Espéranto'', (''Espéranto Actualités'' - ''Franca Esperantisto'' n.264 de jul-okt. 1970 1970:9)
* Ma Young-Tae, ''Studo pri Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto'', (''Espero el Koreio'' nov-dic 1994, p. 12-14).
* Bertilo Wennergren, ''La nova PIV, Heroa verko - kun mankoj'', (''Monato'' 2002:23:10 25-27)
External links
PIV online(in Esperanto)
Critical notes about Nova PIVby
Bertilo Wennergren
Bertilo Wennergren ( sv, Bertil Wennergren; ; born 4 October 1956) is a Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken p ...
(in Esperanto)
Esperanto dictionaries
Online dictionaries
Esperanto publications