''Plecia'' is a genus of March flies (

Bibionidae Bibionidae (March flies) is a family of flies (Diptera) containing approximately 650–700 species worldwide. Adults are nectar feeders and emerge in numbers in spring. Because of the likelihood of adults flies being found ''in copula'', they h ...

) comprising many species, both

extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...

and fossilised.

Species

Extant species

*'' P. acutirostris'' *'' P. adiastola'' *'' P. affinidecora'' *'' P. americana'' *'' P. amplipennis'' *'' P. aruensis'' *'' P. angularis'' *'' P. avicephaliforma'' *'' P. bicuspidata'' *'' P. bifida'' *'' P. bifoliolata'' *'' P. bisulca'' *'' P. boliviana'' *'' P. chinensis'' *'' P. crenula'' *'' P. curtispina'' *'' P. cuspidata'' *'' P. digitiformis'' *'' P. dileracabilis'' *'' P. dimidiata'' *'' P. duplicis'' *'' P. edwardsi'' *'' P. emeiensis'' *'' P. erebea'' *'' P. erebeoidea'' *'' P. forcipiformis'' *'' P. fulvicollis'' *'' P. hadrosoma'' *'' P. hamata'' *'' P. impilosa'' *'' P. intricata'' *'' P. javensis'' *'' P. lateralis'' *'' P. lieftincki'' *'' P. longifolia'' *'' P. longiforceps'' *'' P. lopesi'' *'' P. mandibuliformis'' *'' P. membranifera'' *'' P. multilobata'' *'' P. nagatomii'' *'' P. nearctica'' – Lovebug *'' P. obtusicornis'' *'' P. obtusilobata'' *'' P. oculastra'' *'' P. okadai'' *'' P. ornaticornis'' *'' P. patula'' *'' P. pellucida'' *'' P. persimilis'' *'' P. plagiata'' *'' P. propeforcipata'' *'' P. propria'' *'' P. protea'' *'' P. pruinosa'' *'' P. pudica'' *'' P. punctulata'' *'' P. ramosa'' *'' P. rhinigera'' *'' P. rostellata'' *'' P. rufangularis'' *'' P. ruficollis'' – Harlequin fly *'' P. rufimarginata'' *'' P. rufiscutella'' *'' P. rugosa'' *'' P. serrifera'' *'' P. spilota'' *'' P. stricta'' *'' P. tephra'' *'' P. tetrascolata'' *'' P. thulinigra'' *'' P. trifida'' *'' P. triquetra'' *'' P. trunca'' *'' P. xyele''

Fossil species

Many fossil species have been assigned to ''Plecia'' with ages dating from the Cretaceous ( Campanian) through the early Pleistocene ( Gelasian):Fossilworks ''Plecia'' 12 July 2021
/ref>

Cretaceous

*†'' P. myersi'' (Campanian,

Canadian Amber Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

, MB)

Paleocene

*†'' P. undans'' ( Thanetian, ArdTun head, UK)

Eocene

;Ypresian, Allenby Formation, Canada *†'' P. angustipennis'' *†'' P. canadensis'' *†'' P. elatior'' *†'' P. minutula'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. nana'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. pictipennis'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. pulchra'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. pulla'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. similkameena'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. transitoria'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. tulameenensis'' (Allenby Formation) ;Ypresian, Driftwood shales, Canada *†'' P. cairnesi'' ;Ypresian,

Horsefly Shales Horse-flies or horseflies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. They are often large and agile in flight, and only the female horseflies bite animals, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in su ...

, Canada *†'' P. avus'' *†'' P. curtula'' *†'' P. dilatata'' *†'' P. platyptera'' (Horsefly Shales) *†'' P. reducta'' (Horsefly Shales) ;Ypresian, "Mission Creek site", Canada *†'' P. kelownaensis'' ;Ypresian, Oise amber, France *†'' P. parisiensis'' ;Ypresian, Green River Formation, USA *†'' P. akerionana'' *†'' P. dejecta'' *†'' P. pealei'' *†'' P. rhodopterina'' *†'' P. winchesteri'' *†'' P. woodruffi'' ;Priabonian, Baltic Amber *†'' P. borussica'' *†'' P. brunniptera'' *†'' P. clavifemur'' *†'' P. hoffeinsorum'' *†'' P. prisca'' *†'' P. tenuicornis'' ;Priabonian, France *†'' P. angustiventris'' ( Célas site, France) *†'' P. chapuisii'' *†'' P. dumasi'' *†'' P. foersteri'' ;Pribonian, United Kingdom *†'' P. acourti'' ( Bembridge Marls, UK) ;Priabonian, Florissant Formation, USA *†'' P. axeliana'' *†'' P. decapitata'' *†'' P. explanata'' *†'' P. gradata'' *†'' P. melanderi'' *†'' P. orycta'' *†'' P. tessella''

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...

; Rupelian,

Brunstatt Brunstatt (; Alsatian: ''Brunscht'') is a former commune in the Haut-Rhin department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Brunstatt-Didenheim.P. gracillima'' ;Rupelian,

Corent Corent is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. It sits approximately 2 miles north of Les Martres-de-Veyre on the side of the old volcanic Puy de Corent. In 2001 excavation began on a Gallic (Celt ...

, France *†'' P. joannis'' *†'' P. larteti'' *†'' P. longipennis'' *†'' P. pallida'' *†''

P. rubescens P. is an abbreviation or acronym that may refer to: * Page (paper), where the abbreviation comes from Latin ''pagina'' * Paris Herbarium, at the ''Muséum national d'histoire naturelle'' * ''Pani'' (Polish), translating as Mrs. * The ''Pacific Rep ...

'' *†'' P. sauvagei'' ;Rupelian, Calcaires de Vacheres Formation, France *†'' P. assonensis'' *†'' P. larguensis'' *†'' P. maimensis'' ;Rupelian, Chadrat, France *†'' P. oustaleti'' ;

Chattian The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between . The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage ...

, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France *†'' P. livida'' *†'' P. painvini'' *†'' P. retracta'' *†'' P. rhenana'' ;

, Camoins-les-Bains, France *†'' P. theobaldi'' ;

Rott Formation The Rott Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Oligocene. See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany See also * Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe The ...

, Germany *†'' P. collossea'' *†'' P. conica'' *†'' P. dubia'' *†'' P. exigua'' *†'' P. gracilenta'' *†'' P. grossa'' *†'' P. hypogaea'' *†'' P. inflata'' *†'' P. luctuosa'' *†'' P. luteola'' *†'' P. lygaeoides'' *†'' P. macrocephala'' *†'' P. morio'' *†'' P. pennata'' *†'' P. pinguis'' *†'' P. proserpina'' *†'' P. rhenana'' *†'' P. sturmi'' *†'' P. stygia'' *†'' P. winnertzi''

Miocene

; Aquitanian,

Mexican amber Mexican amber, also known as Chiapas Amber is amber found in Mexico, created during the Early Miocene and middle Miocene epochs of the Cenozoic Era in southwestern North America. As with other ambers, a wide variety of taxa have been found as inc ...

, Mexico *†'' P. pristina'' ; Burdigalian,

Shanwang Formation The Shanwang National Geology Park () is located in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China, about from Linqu County. It has an area of about . The Park is well known for its fossil bearing diatomitic deposits, one of only a few such ...

. China *†'' P. aculeolata'' *†'' P. bivalvula'' *†'' P. capitata'' *†'' P. diatoma'' *†'' P. fumosa'' *†'' P. gracilentula'' *†'' P. ludongensis'' *†'' P. platoptera'' *†'' P. rectivenia'' *†'' P. solaris'' *†'' P. spinula'' *†'' P. villosa'' *†'' P. vulcania'' ;Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia *†'' P. amagua'' *†'' P. obsitula'' *†'' P. kuznetzovi'' *†'' P. kudiella'' *†'' P. redempta'' *†'' P. refracta'' ;Burdigalian - Langhian,

Cypris Formation Aphrodite ( ; grc-gre, Ἀφροδίτη, Aphrodítē; , , ) is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, and procreation. She was syncretized with the Roman goddess . Aphrodite's major symbols include ...

, Czech Republic *†'' P. quaesita'' ;Langhian, Chojabaru Formation, Japan *†'' P. kanetakii'' ; Serravallian, Radoboj Formation, Croatia *†'' P. bucklandi'' ; Serravallian, Oehningen beds Member ( Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany *†'' P. hilaris'' *†'' P. jucunda'' *†'' P. macilenta'' ;

Messinian The Messinian is in the geologic timescale the last age or uppermost stage of the Miocene. It spans the time between 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma and 5.333 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago). It follows the Tortonian and is followed by the Zanclean, the first ...

Monte Castellaro Monte may refer to: Places Argentina * Argentine Monte, an ecoregion * Monte Desert * Monte Partido, a ''partido'' in Buenos Aires Province Italy * Monte Bregagno * Monte Cassino * Montecorvino (disambiguation) * Montefalcione Portugal * Mont ...

, Italy *†'' P. baglii'' *†'' P. castellaroi'' *†'' P. pisaurensis''

Pliocene

;

Piacenzian The Piacenzian is in the international geologic time scale the upper stage (stratigraphy), stage or latest age (geology), age of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 3.6 ± 0.005 year#SI prefix multipliers, Ma and 2.588 ± 0.005 Ma (million yea ...

Togo Formation Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ...

, Japan *†'' P. intima''

Pleistocene

;Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France *†'' P. brunneipennis'' *†'' P. vergnei'' Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of ''Plecia'' species. *''

Hesperinus heeri ''Hesperinus'' is a genus of flies and the sole genus in the relict family Hesperinidae belonging to the nematoceran infraorder Bibionomorpha. There are about 8 known species, nearly all from the Palaearctic region with one each from the Nearcti ...

'' (formerly ''Plecia heeri'' and syn ''P. elegantula'' )

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q11995850 Bibionidae Nematocera genera Taxa named by Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann