Plecia Digitiformis
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''Plecia'' is a genus of March flies (
Bibionidae Bibionidae (March flies) is a family of flies ( Diptera) containing approximately 650–700 species worldwide. Adults are nectar feeders and emerge in numbers in spring. Because of the likelihood of adults flies being found ''in copula'', they ...
) comprising many species, both extant and fossilised.


Species


Extant species

*'' P. acutirostris'' *'' P. adiastola'' *'' P. affinidecora'' *'' P. americana'' *'' P. amplipennis'' *'' P. aruensis'' *'' P. angularis'' *'' P. avicephaliforma'' *'' P. bicuspidata'' *'' P. bifida'' *'' P. bifoliolata'' *'' P. bisulca'' *'' P. boliviana'' *'' P. chinensis'' *'' P. crenula'' *'' P. curtispina'' *'' P. cuspidata'' *'' P. digitiformis'' *'' P. dileracabilis'' *'' P. dimidiata'' *'' P. duplicis'' *'' P. edwardsi'' *'' P. emeiensis'' *'' P. erebea'' *'' P. erebeoidea'' *'' P. forcipiformis'' *'' P. fulvicollis'' *'' P. hadrosoma'' *'' P. hamata'' *'' P. impilosa'' *'' P. intricata'' *'' P. javensis'' *'' P. lateralis'' *'' P. lieftincki'' *'' P. longifolia'' *'' P. longiforceps'' *'' P. lopesi'' *'' P. mandibuliformis'' *'' P. membranifera'' *'' P. multilobata'' *'' P. nagatomii'' *'' P. nearctica'' – Lovebug *'' P. obtusicornis'' *'' P. obtusilobata'' *'' P. oculastra'' *'' P. okadai'' *'' P. ornaticornis'' *'' P. patula'' *'' P. pellucida'' *'' P. persimilis'' *'' P. plagiata'' *'' P. propeforcipata'' *'' P. propria'' *'' P. protea'' *'' P. pruinosa'' *'' P. pudica'' *'' P. punctulata'' *'' P. ramosa'' *'' P. rhinigera'' *'' P. rostellata'' *'' P. rufangularis'' *'' P. ruficollis'' – Harlequin fly *'' P. rufimarginata'' *'' P. rufiscutella'' *'' P. rugosa'' *'' P. serrifera'' *'' P. spilota'' *'' P. stricta'' *'' P. tephra'' *'' P. tetrascolata'' *'' P. thulinigra'' *'' P. trifida'' *'' P. triquetra'' *'' P. trunca'' *'' P. xyele''


Fossil species

Many fossil species have been assigned to ''Plecia'' with ages dating from the
Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
(
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous Epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campani ...
) through the early
Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...
(
Gelasian The Gelasian is an age in the international geologic timescale or a stage in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest or lowest subdivision of the Quaternary Period/System and Pleistocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 2.58 Ma (million ye ...
):Fossilworks ''Plecia'' 12 July 2021
/ref>


Cretaceous

*†'' P. myersi'' (Campanian,
Canadian Amber Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...
, MB)


Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...

*†'' P. undans'' (
Thanetian The Thanetian is, in the ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age or uppermost stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between . The Thanetian is preceded by the Selandian Age and followed by the Ypresian Age ( ...
, ArdTun head, UK)


Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...

;Ypresian,
Allenby Formation The Allenby formation is a sedimentary rock formation in British Columbia which was deposited during the Ypresian stage of the Early Eocene. It consists of conglomerates, sandstones with interbedded shales and coal. The shales contain an abunda ...
, Canada *†'' P. angustipennis'' *†'' P. canadensis'' *†'' P. elatior'' *†'' P. minutula'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. nana'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. pictipennis'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. pulchra'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. pulla'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. similkameena'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. transitoria'' (Allenby Formation) *†'' P. tulameenensis'' (Allenby Formation) ;Ypresian, Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, Driftwood shales, Canada *†''Plecia cairnesi, P. cairnesi'' ;Ypresian, Horsefly Shales, Canada *†''Plecia avus, P. avus'' *†''Plecia curtula, P. curtula'' *†''Plecia dilatata, P. dilatata'' *†''Plecia platyptera, P. platyptera'' (Horsefly Shales) *†''Plecia reducta, P. reducta'' (Horsefly Shales) ;Ypresian, Coldwater Beds, "Mission Creek site", Canada *†''Plecia kelownaensis, P. kelownaensis'' ;Ypresian, Oise amber, France *†''Plecia parisiensis, P. parisiensis'' ;Ypresian, Green River Formation, USA *†''Plecia akerionana, P. akerionana'' *†''Plecia dejecta, P. dejecta'' *†''Plecia pealei, P. pealei'' *†''Plecia rhodopterina, P. rhodopterina'' *†''Plecia winchesteri, P. winchesteri'' *†''Plecia woodruffi, P. woodruffi'' ;Priabonian, Baltic Amber *†''Plecia borussica, P. borussica'' *†''Plecia brunniptera, P. brunniptera'' *†''Plecia clavifemur, P. clavifemur'' *†''Plecia hoffeinsorum, P. hoffeinsorum'' *†''Plecia prisca, P. prisca'' *†''Plecia tenuicornis, P. tenuicornis'' ;Priabonian, France *†''Plecia angustiventris, P. angustiventris'' ( Célas site, France) *†''Plecia chapuisii, P. chapuisii'' *†''Plecia dumasi, P. dumasi'' *†''Plecia foersteri, P. foersteri'' ;Pribonian, United Kingdom *†''Plecia acourti, P. acourti'' (Bembridge Marls, UK) ;Priabonian, Florissant Formation, USA *†''Plecia axeliana, P. axeliana'' *†''Plecia decapitata, P. decapitata'' *†''Plecia explanata, P. explanata'' *†''Plecia gradata, P. gradata'' *†''Plecia melanderi, P. melanderi'' *†''Plecia orycta, P. orycta'' *†''Plecia tessella, P. tessella''


Oligocene

;Rupelian, Brunstatt Formation, Brunstatt, France *†''Plecia gracillima, P. gracillima'' ;Rupelian, Corent, France *†''Plecia joannis, P. joannis'' *†''Plecia larteti, P. larteti'' *†''Plecia longipennis, P. longipennis'' *†''Plecia pallida, P. pallida'' *†''Plecia rubescens, P. rubescens'' *†''Plecia sauvagei, P. sauvagei'' ;Rupelian, Calcaires de Vacheres Formation, France *†''Plecia assonensis, P. assonensis'' *†''Plecia larguensis, P. larguensis'' *†''Plecia maimensis, P. maimensis'' ;Rupelian, Chadrat, France *†''Plecia oustaleti, P. oustaleti'' ;Chattian, Niveau du gypse d'Aix Formation, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France *†''Plecia livida, P. livida'' *†''Plecia painvini, P. painvini'' *†''Plecia retracta, P. retracta'' *†''Plecia rhenana, P. rhenana'' ;Chattian, Camoins-les-Bains, France *†''Plecia theobaldi, P. theobaldi'' ;Chattian, Rott Formation, Germany *†''Plecia collossea, P. collossea'' *†''Plecia conica, P. conica'' *†''Plecia dubia, P. dubia'' *†''Plecia exigua, P. exigua'' *†''Plecia gracilenta, P. gracilenta'' *†''Plecia grossa, P. grossa'' *†''Plecia hypogaea, P. hypogaea'' *†''Plecia inflata, P. inflata'' *†''Plecia luctuosa, P. luctuosa'' *†''Plecia luteola, P. luteola'' *†''Plecia lygaeoides, P. lygaeoides'' *†''Plecia macrocephala, P. macrocephala'' *†''Plecia morio, P. morio'' *†''Plecia pennata, P. pennata'' *†''Plecia pinguis, P. pinguis'' *†''Plecia proserpina, P. proserpina'' *†''Plecia rhenana, P. rhenana'' *†''Plecia sturmi, P. sturmi'' *†''Plecia stygia, P. stygia'' *†''Plecia winnertzi, P. winnertzi''


Miocene

;Aquitanian (stage), Aquitanian, Mexican amber, Mexico *†''Plecia pristina, P. pristina'' ;Burdigalian, Shanwang Formation. China *†''Plecia aculeolata, P. aculeolata'' *†''Plecia bivalvula, P. bivalvula'' *†''Plecia capitata, P. capitata'' *†''Plecia diatoma, P. diatoma'' *†''Plecia fumosa, P. fumosa'' *†''Plecia gracilentula, P. gracilentula'' *†''Plecia ludongensis, P. ludongensis'' *†''Plecia platoptera, P. platoptera'' *†''Plecia rectivenia, P. rectivenia'' *†''Plecia solaris, P. solaris'' *†''Plecia spinula, P. spinula'' *†''Plecia villosa, P. villosa'' *†''Plecia vulcania, P. vulcania'' ;Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia *†''Plecia amagua, P. amagua'' *†''Plecia obsitula, P. obsitula'' *†''Plecia kuznetzovi, P. kuznetzovi'' *†''Plecia kudiella, P. kudiella'' *†''Plecia redempta, P. redempta'' *†''Plecia refracta, P. refracta'' ;Burdigalian - Langhian, Cypris Formation, Czech Republic *†''Plecia quaesita, P. quaesita'' ;Langhian, Chojabaru Formation, Japan *†''Plecia kanetakii, P. kanetakii'' ;Serravallian, Radoboj, Radoboj Formation, Croatia *†''Plecia bucklandi, P. bucklandi'' ;Serravallian, Oehningen, Oehningen beds Member (Molasse basin#Stratigraphy, Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany *†''Plecia hilaris, P. hilaris'' *†''Plecia jucunda, P. jucunda'' *†''Plecia macilenta, P. macilenta'' ;Messinian, Monte Castellaro, Italy *†''Plecia baglii, P. baglii'' *†''Plecia castellaroi, P. castellaroi'' *†''Plecia pisaurensis, P. pisaurensis''


Pliocene

;Piacenzian, Togo Formation, Japan *†''Plecia intima, P. intima''


Pleistocene

;Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France *†''Plecia brunneipennis, P. brunneipennis'' *†''Plecia vergnei, P. vergnei'' Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of ''Plecia'' species. *''Hesperinus heeri'' (formerly ''Plecia heeri'' and syn ''P. elegantula'' )


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q11995850 Bibionidae Nematocera genera Taxa named by Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann