''Platymantis'' is a genus of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-f ...

s in the family

Ceratobatrachidae The Ceratobatrachidae are a family of frogs found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands. Taxonomy Ceratobatrachidae was formerly treated as a subfamily (i.e ...

. They are commonly known as wrinkled ground frogs, ground frogs, and forest frogs. As currently defined, ''Platymantis'' is a large genus with up to as many as 60 species found mostly in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. However, it is known to be

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

. Solving this problem will likely lead to a more narrowly defined ''Platymantis'', possibly by transferring some species to a larger '' Ceratobatrachus'' (with '' Batrachylodes'').

Species

There are currently at least 30 extant species in this genus. Brown, et al. (2015) estimates that there may be a total of 50-60 species in ''Platymantis'' if all

cryptic species In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

were to be described. In addition, there is an extinct species: * '' Platymantis megabotoniviti'', Giant Fiji ground frog

Species moved to genus ''
Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia Polynesi ...
''

Brown, et al. (2015) moved the ''Platymantis'' species of

Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...

into the newly proposed genus ''

Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia Polynesi ...

''. Species in the

remained in ''Platymantis''. * '' Cornufer aculeodactylus'' Brown, 1952 * ''

Cornufer admiraltiensis ''Cornufer admiraltiensis'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Pap ...

'' Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007 * '' Cornufer akarithyma'' Brown & Tyler, 1968 * ''

Cornufer batantae ''Cornufer batantae'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to West Papua, Indonesia, and is known from two islands near the New Guinean mainland, Batanta and Waigeo. There are also unconfirmed records from Yapen an ...

'' Zweifel, 1969 * '' Cornufer bimaculatus'' Günther, 1999 * '' Cornufer boulengeri'' (Boettger, 1892) * '' Cornufer browni'' Allison & Kraus, 2001 * ''

Cornufer bufonulus ''Cornufer bufonulus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea. This frog burrows into the leaf litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, ...

'' Kraus and Allison, 2007 * ''

Cornufer caesiops ''Cornufer caesiops'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini) ...

'' Kraus and Allison, 2009 * ''

Cornufer cheesmanae ''Cornufer cheesmanae'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to New Guinea and found in the Cyclops Mountains ( Papua, Indonesia) and Bewani Mountains (Papua New Guinea). The specific name ''cheesmanae'' honors Luc ...

'' Parker, 1940 * ''

Cornufer citrinospilus ''Cornufer citrinospilus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, and is only known from the Nakanai Mountains of East New Britain Province. The specific name ''citrinos ...

'' Brown, Richards, and Broadhead, 2013 * '' Cornufer cryptotis'' Günther, 1999 * ''

Cornufer desticans ''Cornufer desticans'' is an arboreal frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Scientitsts have seen it in two places: Barora Island and Choiseul Island, both in the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six ma ...

'' Brown & Richards, 2008 * ''

Cornufer gilliardi ''Cornufer gilliardi'', commonly known as Gilliard's wrinkled ground frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Whiteman Ranges of New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea). The specific name ''gil ...

'' Zweifel, 1960 * '' Cornufer guppyi'' (Boulenger, 1884) * '' Cornufer latro'' Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007 * '' Cornufer macrops'' (Brown, 1965) * '' Cornufer macrosceles'' Zweifel, 1975 * '' Cornufer magna'' Brown & Menzies, 1979 (synonym: '' Platymantis magnus'') * '' Cornufer mamusiorum'' Foufopoulos and Brown, 2004 * '' Cornufer manus'' Kraus and Allison, 2009 * '' Cornufer mimica'' Brown & Tyler, 1968 * '' Cornufer nakanaiorum'' Brown, Foufopoulos, and Richards, 2006 * '' Cornufer neckeri'' (Brown & Myers, 1949) * '' Cornufer nexipus'' Zweifel, 1975 * '' Cornufer papuensis'' Meyer, 1875 * '' Cornufer parilis'' Brown & Richards, 2008 * '' Cornufer parkeri'' (Brown, 1965) * '' Cornufer pelewensis'' Peters, 1867 * '' Cornufer punctatus'' Peters & Doria, 1878 * '' Cornufer schmidti'' Brown & Tyler, 1968 * '' Cornufer solomonis'' (Boulenger, 1884) * '' Cornufer sulcatus'' Kraus and Allison, 2007 * '' Cornufer vitianus'' (Duméril, 1853) * ''

Cornufer vitiensis ''Platymantis vitiensis'' (common names: Fiji tree frog, Levuka wrinkled ground frog) is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is one of two endemic frogs in Fiji, the other being the closely related ''Platymantis vitianus'' (Viti ...

'' (Girard, 1853) * '' Cornufer weberi'' Schmidt, 1932 * '' Cornufer wuenscheorum'' Günther, 2006

Endemic ranges

Many ''Platymantis'' species are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to highly restricted geographical areas within the

. *Widespread ** '' Platymantis corrugatus'' ** ''

Platymantis dorsalis ''Platymantis dorsalis'' (Dumeril's wrinkled ground frog or common forest frog) is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the northern and central Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lo ...

'' *

Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...

Northern Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...

*** '' Platymantis cagayanensis'':

Palaui Island The Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape is an island that is a protected area and national park in the municipality of Santa Ana in Cagayan, Philippines. It is located off the northeastern extremity of Luzon Island. Geography Pala ...

; NE

*** '' Platymantis sierramadrensis'':

Sierra Madre Sierra Madre (Spanish, 'mother mountain range') may refer to: Places and mountains Mexico *Sierra Madre Occidental, a mountain range in northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona *Sierra Madre Oriental, a mountain range in northeastern Mexico *S ...

*** '' Platymantis taylori'':

*** '' Platymantis cornutus'':

Cordillera Central (Luzon) The Cordillera Central or Cordillera Range is a massive mountain range 320 km (198 miles) long north-south and 118 km (73 miles) east-west. The Cordillera mountain range is situated in the north-central part of the island of Luzon, in the Phili ...

*** '' Platymantis subterrestris'':

*** '' Platymantis pygmaeus'': northern

**Central Luzon *** ''

Platymantis biak ''Platymantis biak'', also known as the Luzon limestone forest frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of Luzon, the Philippines, where it is known from the Biak-na-Bato National Park, its type loc ...

'':

Biak-na-Bato National Park Biak-na-Bato National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located almost entirely within Barangay Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel, Bulacan from where it derives its name. The park also extends to the nearby municipalities of San Ildefonso an ...

*** '' Platymantis polillensis'':

Polillo Island Polillo () is an island in the northeastern region of the Philippine archipelago. It is the largest island and the namesake of the Polillo Islands. It is separated from Luzon Island by the Polillo Strait and forms the northern side of Lamon Bay ...

;

Aurora Province Aurora, officially the Province of Aurora ( fil, Lalawigan ng Aurora; ilo, Probinsia ti Aurora), is a province in the Philippines located in the eastern part of Central Luzon region, facing the Philippine Sea. Its capital is Baler and borders, cl ...

*** '' Platymantis mimula'':

Mount Makiling Mount Makiling (also known as Mount Maquiling), is an inactive stratovolcano located in the provinces of Laguna and Batangas on the island of Luzon, Philippines. The mountain rises to an elevation of above mean sea level and is the highest fe ...

*** '' Platymantis banahao'':

Mount Banahaw Mount Banahaw (; also spelled as Banahao and Banájao) is an active complex volcano on Luzon in the Philippines. The three-peaked volcano is located at the boundary of Laguna and Quezon provinces. It is the highest mountain in both provinces an ...

*** '' Platymantis indeprensus'':

*** ''

Platymantis montanus ''Platymantis montanus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to southwestern Luzon, the Philippines, and is known from its type locality, Mount Banahaw, and from Mount Apoy. Description Adult males measure and ...

'':

*** '' Platymantis naomii'':

*** '' Platymantis pseudodorsalis'':

*** '' Platymantis quezoni'':

Quezon Protected Landscape The Quezon Protected Landscape is a protected area in the Republic of the Philippines, spanning the municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan in Quezon province. The park is situated north of the narrowest section of Luzon in Quezon ...

Bicol Region Bicol, known formally as the Bicol Region or colloquially as Bicolandia ( bcl, Rehiyon kan Bikol; Rinconada Bikol: ''Rehiyon ka Bikol''; Waray Sorsogon, Masbateño: ''Rehiyon san Bikol''; tl, Rehiyon ng Bikol), is an administrative region of ...

*** '' Platymantis isarog'':

Mount Isarog Mount Isarog is an active stratovolcano located in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines, on the island of Luzon. The mountain has active fumaroles and hot springs. It has an elevation of above mean sea level. The broad isthmus between Lago ...

*** '' Platymantis diesmosi'':

Malinao Volcano Mount Malinao is a potentially active stratovolcano located in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. The volcano displays strong fumarolic activity which is harnessed for generating electricity. Located on its slope is Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant ...

*** '' Platymantis luzonensis'': SE

Visayas The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; tl, Kabisayaan ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao ...

** '' Platymantis lawtoni'':

Romblon Romblon ( , ), officially the Province of Romblon, is an archipelagic Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Mimaropa Regions of the Philippines, region. Its main islands include Tablas Island, Tablas, the large ...

** '' Platymantis levigata'':

** '' Platymantis insulatus'': South Gigante Island near

Panay Panay is the sixth-largest and fourth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of and has a total population of 4,542,926 as of 2020 census. Panay comprises 4.4 percent of the entire population of the country. The City o ...

** '' Platymantis paengi'':

Pandan, Antique Pandan, officially the Municipality of Pandan ( krj, Banwa kang Pandan; hil, Banwa sang Pandan; Aklanon: ''Banwa it Pandan''; tl, Bayan ng Pandan), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Antique, Philippines. According to the 2020 cen ...

** '' Platymantis panayensis'':

** '' Platymantis negrosensis'':

;

Negros Negros is the fourth largest and third most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of . Negros is one of the many islands of the Visayas, in the central part of the country. The predominant inhabitants of the island region a ...

** '' Platymantis hazelae'':

** '' Platymantis spelaea'': southern

** '' Platymantis bayani'':

Taft, Eastern Samar Taft, officially the Municipality of Taft ( war, Bungto han Taft; tl, Bayan ng Taft), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 18,786 people. It is bounded o ...

** '' Platymantis rabori'':

Bohol Bohol (), officially the Province of Bohol ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Bohol; tl, Lalawigan ng Bohol), is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas Regions of the Philippines, region, consisting of the island itself and 75 m ...

;

Leyte Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has be ...

;

Mindanao Mindanao ( ) ( Jawi: مينداناو) is the second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the island is part of an island group of ...

** '' Platymantis guentheri'':

;

References

External links

BITC / Species Descriptions - Example Platymantis
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1977736 Ceratobatrachidae Amphibians of Asia Amphibians of the Philippines Amphibians of Oceania Amphibian genera Taxa named by Albert Günther

Species

Species moved to genus ''Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia Polynesi ...''

Endemic ranges

References

External links

Species moved to genus ''
Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia Polynesi ...
''