Platon Hryhorovych Kostiuk ( uk, Платон Григорович Костюк) (20 August 1924 – 10 May 2010) was a Soviet and
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
physiologist, neurobiologist, electrophysiologist, and biophysicist. He was a member (academician) of the
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine and the
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...
. He was also a director of the
Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology
Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine (BIPH) is a scientific institution dedicated to biomedical research in the fields of physiology, biophysics, pathophysiology, neuroscience. It is a leading research center in Ukraine for neurosci ...
and the
International Center of Molecular Physiology
International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations".
International may also refer to:
Music Albums
* ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011
* ''International'' (New Order album), 2002
* ''International'' (The T ...
NAS of Ukraine; chair of the
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; russian: Московский Физико-Технический институт, also known as PhysTech), is a public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares speciali ...
, Kyiv branch, vice-president of the NAS of Ukraine, and
chairman
The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the grou ...
of the
Verkhovna Rada
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ( uk, Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, translit=, Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, translation=Supreme Council of Ukraine, Ukrainian abbreviation ''ВРУ''), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the ...
of the
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
.
Biography
Platon Kostiuk was born in
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
to the family of the Ukrainian psychologist
Hryhoriy Kostiuk
Hryhoriy ( uk, Григо́рій, Hryhórij ), sometimes Hryhory, may refer to:
*Hryhory Alchevsky (1866–1920), prominent Ukrainian and minor Russian composer
*Hryhoriy Baranets (born 1986), professional Ukrainian football midfielder
*Hryhory B ...
. A native speaker of both
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
and
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
, Kostiuk studied
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
and
German
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* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
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** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
, and graduated from high school when the German–Russian War began in 1941. Kostiuk entered Stalingrad University to study biology and Roman philology. He was later evacuated to Siberia, where he studied medicine till 1945. After half a year of military medical service, he was demobilized for entry into the Department of Biology at
Kyiv University
Kyiv University or Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv ( uk, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known as KNU ...
. In parallel, he studied psychiatry at
Kyiv Medical Institute
Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU) is a medical school founded in 1841 in Kyiv, Russian Empire by the Russian Tsar Nicolas I. The university is named after physiologist Alexander A. Bogomolets. NMU provides medical training for over 10 ...
. Kostiuk worked on his doctoral thesis in
Danylo Vorontsov's laboratory of physiology. In his research, he developed
microelectrode
A microelectrode is an electrode used in electrophysiology either for recording neural signals or for the electrical stimulation of nervous tissue (they were first developed by Ida Hyde in 1921). Pulled glass pipettes with tip diameters of 0. ...
equipment independently of
Judith Graham Pool
Judith Ethel Graham Pool (June 1, 1919 — July 13, 1975) was an Americans, American scientist. She is best known for the discovery of cryoprecipitate, cryoprecipitation, a process for creating concentrated blood clotting factors which significan ...
and
Ralph W. Gerard
Ralph Waldo Gerard (7 October 1900 – 17 February 1974) was an American neurophysiologist and behavioral scientist known for his wide-ranging work on the nervous system, nerve metabolism, psychopharmacology, and biological basis of schizophrenia. ...
(1949). He completed his doctoral thesis in 1957. In 1958, Kostiuk became Head of the Department of General Nervous System Physiology at the
Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology
Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine (BIPH) is a scientific institution dedicated to biomedical research in the fields of physiology, biophysics, pathophysiology, neuroscience. It is a leading research center in Ukraine for neurosci ...
. From 1969 to 2010, he served as the director of the institute.
In 1960–61, Kostiuk was invited to
John Eccles' Laboratory in
Canberra
Canberra ( )
is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The ci ...
,
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
to study the mechanisms of
synaptic inhibition
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.Purves et al. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Incorporated; 2008. I ...
in the spinal cord. In 1974, he was elected a member (academician) of the Soviet Academy of Science. In 1975–1988, he was the academician-secretary of the Section of Physiology of the academy. In 1975–1990, he was also a deputy in the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR and in 1985–90 was its chairman.
Research
Platon Kostiuk was the first to introduce microelectrode studies of the nervous system in the USSR. He was the first to prove directly the presence of
calcium channels
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.
Comparison tables
The following tables ex ...
in neuronal cell membranes. Under his supervision, two types of calcium currents were discovered: high-voltage activated and
low-voltage activated. He also proposed an original hypothesis on calcium channels' selectivity mechanism.
Awards and chairs
Kostiuk was a vice-president of the
International Union for Physiologycal Sciences from 1989 to 1993.
In 1966, he was elected a Member of the
German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (german: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded ...
.
In memoriam
Kostiuk students established Kostiuk Foundation to support young scientists and promote physiological research in Ukraine. Once a year, the Foundation presents Kostiuk Award to outstanding young researchers in the field of biomedical sciences.
Kostyuk Foundation
/ref>
Publications
He published more than 1000 scientific papers in Ukrainian, Russian, and English. Some of the most important include:
*
*
*
*
References
External links
Platon Kostiuk on a NeuroTree
Platon Kostiuk on a Chemistry Tree
Helmut Kettenmann. Platon Gregorievich Kostiuk (1924-2010) in memoriam. FENS News, 17 May, 2010
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kostiuk, Platon
1924 births
2010 deaths
20th-century Ukrainian scientists
21st-century Ukrainian politicians
21st-century Ukrainian scientists
Scientists from Kyiv
People from Kiev Governorate
Bogomolets National Medical University alumni
Full Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Members of Academia Europaea
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
Chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ninth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Tenth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Eleventh convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine
Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Soviet biologists
Soviet neuroscientists
Soviet physiologists
Ukrainian biologists
Ukrainian neuroscientists
Ukrainian physiologists
Ukrainian politicians before 1991
Burials at Baikove Cemetery