''Stephanolepis hispidus'', the planehead filefish, is a
species of bony fish, a
ray-finned fish in the
family Monacanthidae.
Description
The planehead filefish grows to a maximum length of but is more typically about long. The colour is
cryptic
Cryptic may refer to:
In science:
* Cryptic species complex, a group of species that are very difficult to distinguish from one another
* Crypsis, the ability of animals to blend in to avoid observation
* Cryptic era, earliest period of the Earth
...
, being a more or less mottled pale brown, olive or green on a light coloured background, sometimes with darker brown splotches and streaks. The fish is laterally compressed and deep bodied. The snout is elongated with a terminal mouth. The large yellow eye is set high on the head and above it is a prominent retractable spine. This is the anterior of the two spines associated with the long dorsal fin, which also has 29 to 35 soft rays. The anal fin has no spines and between 30 and 35 soft rays. The pectoral fins are small and the tail fin is large and fan-shaped, often with two darker coloured bands.
[''Stephanolepis hispidus'' (Linnaeus, 1766)]
FishBase. Retrieved 2012-01-04.[''Stephanolepis hispidus'']
Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Planehead filefish are
sexually dimorphic. In mature males, the second soft ray of the dorsal fin becomes greatly elongated and the scales on either side of the caudal peduncle develop into a patch of bristles. The elongated ray reaches between 104 and 128 mm. Females do not develop secondary sexual characteristics. They tend to have greater body depth than males, but variation in this trait exists in both sexes and overlap in measurements are recorded.
Distribution and habitat
The planehead filefish is found in the Atlantic Ocean at depths of up to . Its range extends from
Nova Scotia to
Uruguay in the west and from the
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...
to
Angola in the east. It is found near the seabed on reefs and over sandy and muddy sea floors. It is often found among ''
Sargassum'' seaweed.
[
]
Biology
In the Canary Islands the growth and ageing of the planehead filefish have been studied. Spawning takes place in the summer and the age of the fish is established by using the fast and slow growth rings found in the anterior dorsal fin spine. The species has a lifespan of about three years and reaches half its final length by the end of its first year.
Uses
The planehead filefish can be used for human consumption. In the Canary Islands it is caught in fish traps and at one time was considered to be a by-catch, incidental to the capture of other, more desirable fish. However, since the 1980s, it has become a target species in its own right and by 2000, there were concerns about overfishing.[
]
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2803497
Monacanthidae
Fish described in 1766
Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
Fish of Africa
Fish of North America
Fish of South America
Fish of West Africa
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus