Pniewy (german: Pinne) is a town in
Szamotuły County
__NOTOC__
Szamotuły County ( pl, powiat szamotulski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into existence on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish lo ...
,
Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship ( pl, Województwo wielkopolskie; ), also known as Wielkopolska Voivodeship, Wielkopolska Province, or Greater Poland Province, is a voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
, with 7,747 inhabitants as of 2020 including 6 270 women and 5969 me
There is a lake and a beach with access to a playground, stage and a softball pitch.
History
![Saint Lawrence church in Pniewy (3)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Saint_Lawrence_church_in_Pniewy_%283%29.jpg)
Pniewy was founded in the 12th century as part of the
Piast dynasty, Piast-ruled
Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to:
Historical political entities
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exi ...
, although a stronghold also existed at the site earlier.
The oldest known mention of Pniewy comes from 1256, and
town rights
Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the tradition ...
were probably granted in the late 13th century.
[ Pniewy's name probably comes from the Polish word ''pień'', which means " trunk", which is also depicted in the town's coat of arms.][ Pniewy was a ]private town
A private town is a town owned by a private person or a family.
History of Private Towns in Poland
In the history of Poland, private towns (''miasta prywatne'') were towns within the lands owned by magnates, bishops, knights, princes, etc.
...
held by various Polish noble families, the first of which was the Nałęcz family, later known as the Pniewski family[ of ]Nałęcz coat of arms
''Nałęcz'' () is a Polish heraldry, Polish coat of arms. It was used by associated ''szlachta'' families in the Kingdom of Poland (see Kingdom of Poland (1320–1385), and Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealt ...
. Administratively it was located in the Poznań Voivodeship
Poznań Voivodeship was the name of several former administrative regions (''województwo'', rendered as ''voivodeship'' and usually translated as "province") in Poland, centered on the city of Poznań, although the exact boundaries changed over t ...
in the . The town suffered during the 17th and 18th century wars, however it was revived thanks to the Szołdryscy family, and local guild
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradesmen belonging to a professional association. They sometimes ...
s were granted several privileges.[
]
In 1793 it was annexed by Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
in the Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...
, in 1807 regained by Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in C ...
and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during ...
, in 1815 re-annexed by Prussia, and from 1871 to 1918 was also part of Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
. The population took part in Polish uprisings of 1830–1831 and 1848
1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...
.[ The town was subjected to anti-Polish policies including Germanisation, however it remained a center of Polish resistance, and Poles established various organizations.][ In November 1918, after ]World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Poland regained independence, and in December 1918, local Poles liberated the town from the Germans, and it was re-integrated with Poland.[ Local Poles took part in multiple battles of the ]Greater Poland uprising (1918–19) Greater Poland Uprising (also Wielkopolska Uprising or Great Poland Uprising) may refer to a number of armed rebellions in the region of Greater Poland:
* Greater Poland Uprising (1794)
* Greater Poland Uprising (1806)
* Greater Poland Uprising (1 ...
, in which 18 of them were killed.[ In the 1920s Polish ]nun
A nun is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery or convent.''The Oxford English Dictionary'', vol. X, page 599. The term is o ...
Ursula Ledóchowska
Julia Ledóchowska, USAHJ (17 April 1865 – 29 May 1939) - in religious Maria Ursula of Jesus - was a Polish Catholic nun and the foundress of the Ursulines of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus. Ledóchowska was a prolific supporter of Polish indepe ...
, today considered a saint of the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, founded the Congregation of the Ursulines of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus in Pniewy.[
Following the joint German-Soviet ]invasion of Poland
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...
, which started World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
in September 1939, the town was occupied by Germany. During the German occupation
German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...
, the Polish population was subjected to expulsions, confiscation of property, deportations to concentration camps
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply ...
and to forced labour,[ and executions. In November and December 1939, inhabitants of Pniewy were among Poles murdered in mass executions in Mędzisko and Szamotuły.
707 Jews lived in Pniewy in 1837, and 225 in 1910.]
Sports
The local football club is . It competes in the lower leagues, but in the 1990s it played in Poland's top division.
Education
There are two schools located in the town of Pniewy. The primary school of Powstańców Wielkopolskich and an upper-secondary school complex (high school and upper vocational school) Zespół Szkół im. Emilii Sczanieckiej.
Business
There are local and international companies operating in Pniewy and the Municipality of Pniewy.
Postęp Sp. z.o.o.
company hires about 600 hundred employees. It manufactures furniture for IKEA company.
Twin cities- sister cities
Pniewy signed legal agreements for partnerships with municipalities. Halluin (France), Lübbenau and Oer - Erkenschwick (Germany), North - Tyneside (The UK), Kocevje (Slovenia), Radków and Kościerzyna (Poland).
Notable people
* Ezekiel Caro
Ezekiel Caro (, ; 26 September 1844 – 24 December 1915) was a German rabbi and historian.
Biography
Caro was born in Pinne, Grand Duchy of Posen, in 1844. His father was the exegete and homiletic writer Joseph Ḥayyim Caro, rabbi at Włocła ...
, rabbi
* Joseph Chayyim Caro
Joseph Chayyim ben Isaac Selig Caro (1800 – April 21, 1895, Włocławek, Russian Empire, now Poland) was a notable rabbi. He was educated as an Orthodox Talmudist, and married the daughter of Rabbi Tzebi Hirsch Amsterdam of Konin, government of ...
, rabbi, called to the rabbinate of this town
* Gustav Gottheil
Gustav Gottheil (May 28, 1827, Pinne/Pniewy, Grand Duchy of Posen, Prussia – April 15, 1903, New York City) was a Prussian born American rabbi. Gottheil eventually became one of the most influential, well-known and controversial Reform Jew ...
, American rabbi
* Ursula Ledóchowska
Julia Ledóchowska, USAHJ (17 April 1865 – 29 May 1939) - in religious Maria Ursula of Jesus - was a Polish Catholic nun and the foundress of the Ursulines of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus. Ledóchowska was a prolific supporter of Polish indepe ...
and Lawrence Wnuk Lawrence (Wawrzyniec) Anthony Wnuk, (August 6, 1908 in Witrogoszcz, German Empire (now Poland) – August 6, 2006 in Windsor, Ontario, Canada) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest and Protonotary Apostolic.
He grew up in a Catholic and patriotic ...
, Polish Catholic clergy, buried in this city
* Adolf Lewin Adolf Lewin was a German rabbi and author. He was born in Pinne, Grand Duchy of Posen on 23 September 1843. Lewin was educated at the Jewish Theological Seminary and at the University of Breslau. In 1872 he was appointed rabbi in Koźmin, later ...
, German rabbi and author
* Josef Tal
Josef Tal ( he, יוסף טל; September 18, 1910 – August 25, 2008) was an Israeli composer. He wrote three Hebrew operas; four German operas, dramatic scenes; six symphonies; 13 concerti; chamber music, including three string quartets; ins ...
, composer
References
Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Szamotuły County
12th-century establishments in Poland
Populated places established in the 12th century
{{Szamotuły-geo-stub