The Pinhole Cave Man or Pin Hole Cave Man is the common name for an engraving of a human figure on a

woolly rhinoceros The woolly rhinoceros (''Coelodonta antiquitatis'') is an extinct species of rhinoceros that was common throughout Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene epoch and survived until the end of the last glacial period. The woolly rhinoceros was a me ...

rib bone dating to the

Upper Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), according to some theories coin ...

that is now in the

British Museum The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docum ...

(cataloged as Palart 854). In the 1920s, a woolly rhinoceros rib (''Coelodonta antiquitatis'') that was broken at both ends was found in Pin Hole Cave,

Creswell Crags Creswell Crags is an enclosed limestone gorge on the border between Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, England, near the villages of Creswell and Whitwell. The cliffs in the ravine contain several caves that were occupied during the last ice age ...

Derbyshire Derbyshire ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands, England. It includes much of the Peak District National Park, the southern end of the Pennine range of hills and part of the National Forest. It borders Greater Manchester to the nor ...

, England.

Description

The bone is dated to the Late Upper Paleolithic, about 12,000 years old. Near one of the broken ends is engraved a male human figure. The drawing, tall, faces to the right; the whole bone is long. It is clearly a man as he has a penis – this may have been an earlier feature of the bone that was enhanced. His thin arm stretches out from his body. His head may be wearing a mask – or he is just drawn with a protruding nose and jaw. He has legs that appear incomplete, a crooked back, and a long engraved line across his upper body. The surface of the bone is scratched all over; on the reverse side of the bone there are two parallel engraved lines.

Significance

This is one of only two pieces of British Upper Paleolithic portable art which shows a figure. The other is the

Robin Hood Cave Horse The Robin Hood Cave Horse (previously known as the Ochre Horse) is a fragment of rib engraved with a horse's head, discovered in 1876, in the Robin Hood Cave in Creswell Crags, Derbyshire. It is the only piece of Upper Paleolithic portable art s ...

, another image engraved on bone, found in the nearby Robin Hood Cave. It is similar to other pictures of male humans known from France at this period. The lack of clothes and the "cartoon" or "masked" heads are common features which suggest an artistic fashion. Like many human depictions in Palaeolithic art, the figure is crudely drawn; animals are typically better executed. This was not through a lack of ability, as animals are often represented with degrees of realism – see for example the Robin Hood Cave Horse.

Discovery

Pinhole Cave Man was discovered in 1928 by the archaeologist A. L. Armstrong, who described the engraving as "a masked human figure in the act of dancing a ceremonial dance".Armstrong 1928, p. 28 The drawing was discovered after a stalagmitic film was removed from the bone's surface.

Exhibitions

Pinhole Cave Man has been shown in various places: *It was lent to the Cresswell Crags Museum from 2009 to 2011. *It was included in the "Fantastic Creatures" exhibition held from January to April 2012 in the

Hong Kong Museum of Art The Hong Kong Museum of Art (HKMoA) is the first and main art museum of Hong Kong, located in Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui. It is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. HKMoA has an art collection ...

, and from June to September 2011 in the Ulsan Museum in South Korea. *It was featured in the Ice Age Art exhibition at the Fundación Botín in Santander, Spain, in 2013.

Notes

References

*Armstrong, A. L. 1928. "Pin Hole Cave excavations, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire: discovery of an engraved drawing of a masked human figure." ''Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia'' 6, 27–9. *Bahn, P. 2007. "Historical background to the discovery of cave art". In P. Pettitt, P. Bahn and S. Ripoll (eds), ''Palaeolithic cave art at Creswell Crags in European context'', 1–13. Oxford: Oxford University Press. *"British Museum"
"engraved bone/antler" on the British Museum online database
*Sieveking, A. 1987. ''A Catalogue of Palaeolithic art''. London: The British Museum Press, as no. 854. {{Prehistoric technology, state=expanded Art of the Upper Paleolithic Prehistoric objects in the British Museum 1926 archaeological discoveries Bone carvings

Description

Significance

Discovery

Exhibitions

See also

Notes

References