Pietro Fenoglio
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Pietro Fenoglio (Turin, 3 May 1865 – Corio, 22 August 1927) was an Italian architect and engineer, considered one of the most important pioneers of
Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...
in Italy. Fenoglio quickly grasped the ascendancy of Art Nouveau as it appeared in Italy at the turn of the century as the "Stile Floreale" or "Stile Liberty" (
Liberty style Liberty style ( it, Stile Liberty) was the Italian variant of Art Nouveau, which flourished between about 1890 and 1914. It was also sometimes known as ''stile floreale'', ''arte nuova'', or ''stile moderno''. It took its name from Arthur Lasenby ...
, named after the British department store Liberty & Company, a major purveyor of Art Nouveau furniture and
decorative art ] The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose object is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional. It includes most of the arts making objects for the interiors of buildings, and interior design, but not usual ...
s), during a period when Italian architects were searching for a national style of modern architecture. He took advantage of the very favorable economic climate to become one of the style's most fervent supporters in northern Italy before the First World War. Building little after 1912, Fenoglio parlayed his success as a designer into a diverse set of economic ventures, eventually landing him the directorship of a bank in 1915.


Life and career

Pietro Fenoglio was born in 1865 in Turin, four years after the modern unification of Italy into a single kingdom. His father Giovanni was an administrator, while his mother Giacinta (née Guillot) was the daughter of the former Préfect of
Chambéry Chambéry (, , ; Arpitan: ''Chambèri'') is the prefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. The population of the commune of Chambéry was 58,917 as of 2019, while the population of the Chambér ...
, who had moved to Turin after Chambéry had been annexed by France in the Treaty of Turin in 1860. After studying
civil engineering Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage ...
under Carlo Ceppi at the Regia Scuola di Applicazione per gli Ingegneri di Torino (now the
Politecnico di Torino The Polytechnic University of Turin ( it, Politecnico di Torino) is the oldest Italian public technical university. The university offers several courses in the fields of Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning and Industrial Design, and is co ...
), from which he graduated in 1889,''Metodi e strumenti per la conoscenza di un patrimonio industriale: il caso di Morano Sul Po'', Clara Bertolini Cestari e Manuel Fernando Ramello, 2006, abstract s
www.ticcihcongress2006.net
(consultato il 16 dicembre 2009)
he worked first for the firm of Brayda, Boggio and Reyend before forming his own firm. His first independent commissions in the 1890s exhibited a
Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
-revival style reminiscent of the historical building traditions of
Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...
. Sensing the fashion of the time, however, his interest subsequently turned to Art Nouveau, and after 1900 he became the leading protagonist of the style in Turin. Commissions in a period of rapid economic expansion and prosperity were plentiful and Fenoglio became extremely prolific, establishing his studio at 60, Via XX Settembre, where he designed some of the major Italian examples of Art Nouveau. Over the course of thirteen years he designed and built over three hundred projects for villas and palaces, many of which were concentrated in the area centered on the Corso Francia. Fenoglio's work became increasingly recognizable by his strategic use of pastel colors, the ornament that alternates between floral subjects and circular geometric elements, and from the wide use of cement frameworks combined with the sometimes-daring decorative elegance of iron and glass. Fenoglio was also one of the organizers of the 1902 and 1911 International Expositions in Turin, but he was also active in the publishing field, numbering among the founders and serving as one of the most important contributors to the magazine ''L'architettura italiana moderna''. At the same time, the intense spate of construction activity meant that he also became part of the emerging Turin industrial and financial bourgeoisie, consolidating his influence in the construction sector. Fenoglio became vice-president of the well-known Impresa Porcheddu, of the Società Anonima Cementi del Monferrato, and a partner in the Accomandita Ceirano & Company, and managing director of the emerging Banca Commerciale Italiana. Among Fenoglio's best known works are the Villino Raby (1901); the famous Villa Scott (1902), a triumph of loggias, turrets, bay windows and oriels; and, above all, his own home, the Casa Fenoglio-Lafleur (1902); considered by many to be "the most significant example of liberty style in Italy." Other buildings worthy of note that reproduce decorative elements deriving from the success of the Casa Fenoglio-Lafleur are the Casa Galateri, one of the many commissioned by the same client, recognizable for the remarkable oriel bay overlooking the Via Cibrario; and the no-less-remarkable Casa Rossi-Galateri on the Via Passalacqua. Fenoglio was especially known for the number of Art Nouveau apartment buildings during this period: Casa Rossi Galateri (1903), Casa Rey (1904), Casa Boffa/Costa (1904), Casa Macciotta (1904), Casa Balbis (1905), Casa Ina (1906), Casa Guelpa (1907), and the council houses of via Marco Polo (1904), realized in collaboration with the architects Vicary and Molli. Outside Piedmont, he designed the villa of Magno Magni in
Canzo Canzo (; lmo, Canz , locally ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) of the Italian province of Como. It is the last town north of the historical Brianza region of Lombardy, capital of the Lake Como Triangle community and a regional tourism destin ...
, near Como. After 1904, his work as a designer expanded into the nascent world of Italian industry, which found Turin a favorable place to establish new companies. Among the best known commissions of Fenoglio's industrial architecture are the Conceria Fiorio (1900), the Stabilimento Boero (1905), the Fonderie Ballada (1906), the car factory of Officine Diatto (1907) and the large building of the first Italian brewery Bosio & Caratsch, with the attached manor house (1907).Coda, et al., pp. 151-52. Thanks to his newly-acquired experience in the field of industrial plant design, Fenoglio was also entrusted with of the vast project of the Leumann Village, the working-class neighborhood in nearby Collegno where, in addition to the Cotonificio Leumann, he built the houses and the school and the church of Santa Elisabetta, one of the handful of ecclesiastical structures in the world built in Art Nouveau. In the Monferrato area, together with the engineer Giovanni Antonio Porcheddu, he designed the first factory for the fiber cement company Eternit di Borgo Ronzone. Fenoglio's activities were not confined to that of an esteemed professional designer. He was also politically active, holding positions as city councilman and consultant for the study of the new town plan that was completed in 1908. In 1912 he also joined the Board of Directors of the Banca Commerciale Italiana and in 1915, when the then-managing director Otto Joel was removed from his position due to his German origins, which were incompatible with the nationalistic climate following Italian entry into the
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, he was replaced by Fenoglio himself along together with Giuseppe Toeplitz. In 1917 they were elected managing directors. In this capacity Fenoglio continued to promote quality architecture by actively participating in the bank's expansion and construction of branch offices, including eventually the construction of the new headquarters in Piazza Colonna in Rome, for which he appointed young
Marcello Piacentini Marcello Piacentini (8 December 1881 – 19 May 1960) was an Italian urban theorist and one of the main proponents of Italian Fascist architecture. Biography Born in Rome, he was the son of architect Pio Piacentini. When he was only 26, he was ...
as director of works. Piacentini soon became the one of the principal figures in the emergence of the rationalist architecture that characterized the next twenty years in Italy.


Principal Works


Turin

Zona Centro * Palazzina Rossi Galateri (1903), via Passalacqua 14 * Casa Balbis (1905), via Balbis 1 * Casa Florio (1907), via Monte di Pietà 26 Zona Francia (Cit Turin e San Donato) * Conceria Fiorio (1900), via Durandi, corner with via San Donato * Villino Raby (1901), corso Francia 8 * Casa Fenoglio-Lafleur (1902), corso Francia 12, corner with Via Principi d'Acaja * Casa Pecco (1902), via Cibrario 12 * Former Birrificio (brewery) Metzger (1903), via San Donato 68, corner with via Bogetto[ * Casa Macciotta (1904), corso Francia 32 * Casa Ina (1906), via Principi d'Acaja 20 * Casa Masino (1906), via Piffetti 7 bis * Former Birrificio (brewery) Bosio & Caratsch and attached villa (1907), corso Regina Margherita 165, corner of via Bonzanigo * Casa Padrini (1900), Via Cibrario 9 Zona Crocetta * Casa Guelpa (1903), via Colli 2 * Casa Boffa-Costa (1905), via De Sonnaz 16 * Casa Besozzi (1896), via Papacino, corner with via Revel * Casa Buzzani (1897), via Pastrengo 26 * Casa Debernardi (1903), via Colli 12, corner with via Vela * Casa Boffa-Costa (1901), via Sacchi 28, corner with via Legnano * Casa Boffa-Costa (1903), via Papacino 6, corner with via Revel * Casa Bellia (1904), via Papacino 2, corner with corso Matteotti * Casa Debernardi (1904), via Magenta 55, corner with via Morosini * Casa Perino (1904), via San Secondo 70 * Casa Boffa-Costa-Magnani (1905), via De Sonnaz 16, corner with via Papacino * Casa Rey (1906), corso G. Ferraris, 16/18 * Case popolari di via Marco Polo (1907) * Via Sacchi 40 e 42 (1904) Zona San Paolo * Former stabilimento Società Anonima Diatto - A. Clément (1905), via Moretta 55 Zona Aurora * Former Officine (offices) of Grandi Motori (1899), via Luigi Damiano * Former (factory) Fabbrica nazionale Carte da Parati già Barone Ambrogio e figlio (1906-1908), corso Vigevano 33 * Former (foundry) Fonderie Ballada (1906), via Foggia 21 Zona Nord (Borgata Vittoria) * Conceria Boero (1905), via del Ridotto 5[20] Zona collinare (Borgo Po) * Villa Scott (1902), corso G. Lanza 57


Savona

* Villa Zanelli (1907), (with Guttardo Gussoni)


Notes


Bibliography

* Guido Montanari, "Pietro Fenoglio," in ''Dizionario biografico degli italiani'', vol. 46. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1996. URL consultato il 22 novembre 2011. * Riccardo Nelva and Bruno Signorelli, ''Le opere di Pietro Fenoglio nel clima dell'art nouveau internazionale, Bari: Dedalo Libri, 1979. * Clara Bertolini Cestari, Manuel Fernando Ramello, and Gian Mario Rossino, "Metodi e strumenti per la conoscenza di un patrimonio industriale: il caso di Morano Sul Po," in ''XIII Congresso TICCIH,'' 2006. {{DEFAULTSORT:Fenoglio, Pietro Architects from Turin 20th-century Italian architects Art Nouveau architects Buildings and structures in Turin Art Nouveau Italian designers Engineers from Turin 1865 births 1927 deaths