Doge of Venice
The Doge of Venice ( ; vec, Doxe de Venexia ; it, Doge di Venezia ; all derived from Latin ', "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian '), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 a ...
between 932 and 939. He followed
Orso II Participazio
Orso II Participazio (died 932) was the eighteenth doge of the Republic of Venice, by tradition (historically, he was the sixteenth), from 912 to 932.
History
In 912 he was kidnapped in the Adriatic by a Serb prince of Zachlumia by the name of ...
(912–932) to become Doge in 932.
Career
The Candiano family was the most important family of Venice during the tenth century.Lane, ''Venice'', p. 24. Pietro II's father Pietro I was the first Candiano to become doge in 887, but died soon after while fighting the
Narentines
The Narentines were a South Slavic tribe that occupied an area of southern Dalmatia centered at the river Neretva (), active in the 9th and 10th centuries, noted as pirates on the Adriatic. Named ''Narentani'' in Venetian sources, Greek source ...
.
At the beginning of his term in 932, Pietro II cosigned a letter with Marinus Contarini, the
Patriarch of Grado
This is a list of the Patriarchs of Grado (north-eastern Italy). ''
Synod of Erfurt The Synod (or Council) of Erfurt was a church council held at Erfurt in northeastern Thuringia under the presidency of Henry I of Germany in 932.
Erfurt was attended by ecclesiastics from every region of the Kingdom of Germany save the Duchy of Ba ...
asking for the expulsion from Germany of the Jews who refused to convert to Christianity. The
King of Germany
This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (''Regnum Teutonicum''), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empir ...
Henri I—who presided over the Synod—did not follow his recommendation though.Blumenkranz, ''Juifs et chrétiens'', p. 102.
With the weakening power of the
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
in the
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to t ...
, Venice asserted an independent policy of taking control the northern part of the sea. Pietro II began this expansion in the area, notably against the rival city of
Comacchio Comacchio (; egl, label= Comacchiese, Cmâc' ) is a town and ''comune'' of Emilia Romagna, Italy, in the province of Ferrara, from the provincial capital Ferrara. It was founded about two thousand years ago; across its history it was first govern ...
, which he burnt to the ground after it had attacked Venetian ships. He also expanded the territory of Venice to
Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
). He then received the submission of other Istrian cities thanks to an economic blockade of the area.
He died in 939 and was succeeded by
Pietro Participazio
Pietro Participazio (reigned 939–942) was, by tradition, the twentieth Doge of Venice of the Republic of Venice.
History
He was son of the eighteenth Doge, Orso II Participazio.
It seems that during his reign he did nothing worthy of note; he ...
(son of Orso II). Pietro II's son
Pietro III
Pietro is an Italian masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
People
* Pietro I Candiano (c. 842–887), briefly the 16th Doge of Venice
* Pietro Tribuno (died 912), 17th Doge of Venice, from 887 to his death
* Pietro II C ...
(942–959) and his two grandsons Pietro IV (959–976) and
Vitale Vitale is a Russian surname and is usually a short form of Russian surnames such as ''Vitalik'', ''Vitalin'', or ''Vitalov''. It is also an Italian surname which derives from the Latin word ''Vita'' meaning 'life'. The name may refer to:
*Ami Vital ...
(978–979) also became doges. They all continued Pietro II's expansionist policy in the
Gulf of Venice
The Gulf of Venice ( it, Golfo di Venezia, sl, Beneški zaliv, hr, Venecijanski zaljev) is an informally recognized gulf of the Adriatic Sea. It lies at the extreme north end of the Adriatic, limited on the southwest by the easternmost point of ...
.
References
Bibliography
* Bernhard Blumenkranz, ''Juifs et chrétiens dans le monde occidental, 430-1096'', Peeters, Paris–Louvain, 2006 (first edition 1960).
* Frederic Chapin Lane, ''Venice, A Maritime Republic'', Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.
*
Benjamin Z. Kedar
Benjamin Ze'ev Kedar (born 2 September 1938)Who's Who in Israel 2001 (Tel Aviv, 2002), p. 214: "KEDAR, Benjamin Z. is professor emeritus of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was president of the international Society for the Stu ...
, "Expulsion as an Issue of World History", ''
Journal of World History
The ''Journal of World History'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that presents historical analysis from a global point of view, focusing especially on forces that cross the boundaries of cultures and civilizations, including large-scale populat ...