Pierre Antoine Jean-Baptiste Villiers (10 March 1760 –
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
, 21 July 1849) was a
French playwright, journalist and poet.
Biography
A captain of
dragoons, author of comedies, dramas and plays in verse, he also published newspapers such as ''Les Rapsodistes au salon, ou les Tableaux en vaudevilles'' (1795–1796), in which he wrote critics of the
Salon, ''Rapsodies du jour, ou Séances des deux conseils en vaudevilles'' (1796–1800), ''Le Chant du coq, ou le Nouveau Réveil du peuple'', ''Le Chiffonnier, ou le Panier aux épigrammes'' (which is a sequel to ''Rapsodies''), ''La Lyre d'Anacréon'' (1810–1811) and ''La Macédoine à la Rumfort, journal de littérature et de bienfaisance''.
In 1790, by his own testimony in ''Souvenirs d'un déporté'', collection of anecdotes published in 1802, for seven months he served as secretary to
Maximilien de Robespierre
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Esta ...
, then living in
Le Marais
The Marais (Le Marais ; "the marsh") is a historic district in Paris, France. Having once been an aristocratic district, it is home to many buildings of historic and architectural importance. It spreads across parts of the 3rd and 4th arr ...
, copying several of his speeches and adjusting his spending or cohabited with him. Also the ''Mémoires'' by
Charlotte de Robespierre mention Villiers.
[Gérard Walter, ''Maximilien de Robespierre'', Gallimard, 1989, (pp. 137-138).]
A Royalist, he was injured on
10 August 1792 while defending the
Palais des Tuileries
The Tuileries Palace (french: Palais des Tuileries, ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine, directly in front of the Louvre. It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs, ...
. Similarly, following the
Coup of 18 Fructidor an V, he was condemned to deportation but escaped proscription.
[''Actes du colloque Robespierre : XIIe congrès international des sciences historiques, Vienne, 3 septembre 1965'' (avant-propos d'Albert Soboul), Paris, Société des études robespierristes, 1967, 330 pages, (p. 32)] Reappearing in public partner after the Coup, he devoted himself to literary work. Already a chevalier of the
Légion d'honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...
, he was made chevalier of the
Order of Saint Louis on 18 August 1822
Works
*1795: ''Quelques idées sur l'éducation publique''
*1795: ''Discours prononcé par le citoyen Villiers, capitaine au
troisième régiment de dragons et rapporteur du quatrième conseil militaire, séant au Palais de justice, établi pour juger le chef des Chouans, Cormatin et co-accusés, à la séance publique du 21 frimaire, an quatrième de la République française''
*1796: ''Portefeuille d'un chouan'' (with F.-M.
Mayeur de Saint-Paul)
*1796: ''L'Ombre de Malesherbes à Isnard, Cadroi et Durand-Maillane''
*1799: ''La Constitution en vaudeville, œuvre posthume d'un homme qui n'est pas mort, publiée par lui-même, et dédiée à Madame Buonaparte''
*1802: ''Souvenirs d'un déporté : pour servir aux historiens, aus romanciers, aux compilateurs d'ana, aux folliculaires, aux journalistes, aux feseurs de tragédies, des comédies, de vaudevilles, de drames, de mélodrames et de pantomimes dialoguées''
*1802: ''Manuel du voyageur à Paris, ou Paris ancien et moderne, contenant la description historique et géographique de cette capitale, de ses monuments, palais, édifices publics, jardins, spectacles, etc., de tout ce qui peut intéresser les étrangers ; suivie de la liste des banquiers'', (numerous reprints)
*1804: ''Petites rapsodies''
*1806: ''Les Braves anciens et modernes, galerie comparée des maréchaux d'Empire et de quelques maréchaux de France, connétables et grands capitaines des derniers siècles de la monarchie française''
*1811: ''Scène lyrique en l'honneur de leurs Majestés impériales et royales, et du roi de Rome''
*1814: ''Le Rodeur, ou Choix historique, dramatique, anecdotique, critique et pas du tout politique d'odes, de chansons, de couplets, de bons mots''
*1824: ''La France militaire, ou Abrégé de l'histoire de la monarchie française, à l'usage des militaires'', 2 vol.
*1829: ''Douze Fables dédiées à Mgr le duc de Montpensier''
*1835: ''Les Deux Philippe, le premier apôtre et le premier roi des Français, 1er mai 1835''
*1836: ''Minerve, l'aiglon et le hibou, fable'', 1er janvier 1836
*1836: ''L'Enfant à baptiser. Au Roi, 1er mai 1836''
*''Le Hibou et la pie, allégorie à S.A.R. le duc de Montpensier, 1er janvier 1837''
*1837: ''Au Roi''
*''La Richesse, la volupté, la vertu, la santé. Allégorie. À S.A.R. Mme duchesse Hélène d'Orléans, 1er janvier 1839''
*1842: ''Épître à la mort''
*1842: ''Le Religieux de l'abbaye de la Trappe, soliloque''
Theatre
*1793: ''Cange ou le Commissionnaire bienfaisant'', trait historique in one act (with Armand Gouffé)
*1794: ''Les Dragons français et les hussards prussiens'', little
one-act play
A one-act play is a play that has only one act, as distinct from plays that occur over several acts. One-act plays may consist of one or more scenes. The 20-40 minute play has emerged as a popular subgenre of the one-act play, especially in wri ...
, in prose, mingled with
couplets
*1794: '' Les Bustes, ou Arlequin sculpteur'', comedy in 1 act and in prose (with Armand Gouffé), Variétés, 17
ventôse
Ventôse (; also ''Ventose'') was the sixth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word ''ventosus'', which means ''windy''.
Ventôse was the third month of the winter quarter (''mois d'hiver''). It start ...
an III)
*1797: ''Bébée et Jargon'', one-act rapsody, mingled with couplets, imitated from the opéra ''Médée'', Théâtre Montansier, Palais-Royal, 28 March
*1800: ''Forioso à Bourges, ou l'Amant funambule'', one-act
comédie en vaudeville
*1801: ''La Guinguette, ou Réjouissances pour la paix'', one-act comedy, in vaudevilles (with P.-J.-A. Bonel), Théâtre Montansier-Variétés, 29
pluviôse
Pluviôse (; also ''Pluviose'') was the fifth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word ''pluviosus'', which means ''rainy''.
Pluviôse was the second month of the winter quarter (''mois d'hiver''), star ...
an IX)
*1802: ''Bizarre, ou C'n'est pas l'Pérou'', bizarrerie in 1 act (with Bonel and Claude-Jean Bédéno fils), Théâtre de la Gaîté
*1803: ''Ardres sauvée, ou les Rambures'', mélodrame héroïque et historique in 3 acts,
extravaganza
An extravaganza is a literary or musical work (often musical theatre) usually containing elements of burlesque, pantomime, music hall and parody in a spectacular production and characterized by freedom of style and structure. It sometimes also ...
, in collaboration with J.-G.-A. Cuvelier), la Gaîté, 23
pluviôse
Pluviôse (; also ''Pluviose'') was the fifth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word ''pluviosus'', which means ''rainy''.
Pluviôse was the second month of the winter quarter (''mois d'hiver''), star ...
an XI
*1804: ''Le Charivari de Charonne'', one-act tintamare, imitated from the ''Désastre de Lisbonne'' (with H. Pessey), la Gaîté, 14
frimaire
Frimaire () was the third month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word ''frimas'', which means ''frost''.
Frimaire was the third month of the autumn quarter (''mois d'automne''). It started between 21 Novemb ...
an XIII)
*1805: ''Les cosaques, ou le jeune Dodiski'' historical melodrama in three acts and in prose, la Gaîté, 13
vendémiaire
Vendémiaire () was the first month in the French Republican calendar. The month was named after the Occitan word ''vendemiaire'' (grape harvester).
Vendémiaire was the first month of the autumn quarter (''mois d'automne''). It started on the ...
an XIV)
*1805: '' Félime et Tangut, ou le Pied de nez'', three-act mélodrame-féerie (with H. Pessey), la Gaîté, 14 May
*1805: ''Le Jeune d'Aubigné, ou la Nuit de la St-Barthélémy'', three-act historical drama, in prose
*1803: ''Le Médecin turc'', one-act opéra bouffon (with Armand-Gouffé),
Opéra-Comique, 27
brumaire an XII)
*1803: ''1 et 1 font onze'', vaudeville épisodique in 1 act (with H. Chaussier),la Gaîté, 28 July
*1804: ''Le Bouffe et le tailleur'', opéra-bouffon in 1 act (with Armand Gouffé), Théâtre Montansier, 21 June
*1805: ''La forteresse de Cotatis ou Zelaïde et Pharès'', three-act melodrama, la Gaîté,
prairial an XIII)
*1807: ''Rodomont, ou le Petit Don Quichotte'', mélodrame héroï-comique, in 3 acts (with Braziers fils and Armand Gouffé), la Gaîté, 7 March)
*1808: ''La femme impromptu'', opéra bouffon in one act in prose
*1810: ''Le Valet sans maître, ou la Comédie sans dénouement'', bluette inless than one act, in prose, mingled with couplets (with Armand Gouffé), Variétés, 28 July
*1810: ''L'Auberge allemande'', prologue in vaudevilles for ''L'Enfant et le grenadier'',
Salle des Jeux gymniques, 20 October
*1810: ''L'Enfant et le grenadier'', fait et tableaux historiques en 2 actions et à grand spectacle, Salle des Jeux gymniques, 20 October
*1811: ''La Petite Nichon ou La petite paysanne de la Moselle'', petits tableaux en une petite action et un petit prologue with
Jean Cuvelier
Jean Cuvelier (1882–1962) was a Belgian Redemptorist missionary and bishop of Matadi in Belgian Congo from 1930 until his death in 1962. Cuvelier was notable for his interest in the history of the Kingdom of Kongo, which he saw as a route to ev ...
,
Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, 23 November
*1812: ''L'Enfant et la poupée, ou le Masque d'airain'', tableaux en une action précédée d'un prologue en prose, Salle des Jeux gymniques, 27 February
*1817: ''M. Beldam, ou la Femme sans le vouloir'', one-act comedy (with Armand Gouffé),(Variétés, 25 September)
*1818: ''Le Maréchal de Lowendal, ou la Prise de Berg-op-Zoom en 1747'', one-act historical fact, Cirque olympique des frères Franconi, 25 April
*1818: ''La Ferme des carrières'', historical fact (with H. Franconi), Cirque olympique of the Franconi brothers, 25 November
*1819: ''Catherine de Steinberg, ou le Déjeuner du duc d'Albe'', one-act mimo-mélodrame, Cirque olympique of the Franconi brothers, 3 November
*1819: ''Poniatowski, ou le Passage de l'Elster'', three-act military mimodrama (with Franconi jeune), Cirque olympique, 11 December
*1820: ''Ugolin, ou la Tour de la faim'', three-act mimodrama (with Caigniez), Cirque olympique, 14 December
*1821: ''Rosalba d'Arandês'', three-act play, extravaganza (with Caigniez), Théâtre du Panorama dramatique, 23 November
*1822: '' Le Passage des Thermopyles'', two-act mi-modrame, Théâtre du Cirque olympique, 26 December
*1824: ''Le Pied de nez, ou Félime et Tangut'', six-act vaudeville féerie (with Désaugiers), Théâtre du Vaudeville, 5 April
Sources
*
Joseph-Marie Quérard
Joseph Marie Quérard (25 December 1797 – 3 December 1865) was a French bibliographer.
He was born at Rennes, where he was apprenticed to a bookseller. Sent abroad on business, he remained in Vienna from 1819 to 1824, where he drew up the fi ...
, Félix Bourquelot, Charles Louandre, Louis-Ferdinand-Alfred Maury, ''La littérature française contemporaine. XIX
e siècle : Le tout accompagné de notes biographiques et littéraires'', Paris, Daguin frères, 1857, tome VI
p. 570* François Xavier de Feller, Charles Weiss, Claude Ignace Busson, ''Biographie universelle ou Dictionnaire historique des hommes qui se sont fait un nom par leur génie, leurs talents, leurs vertus, leurs erreurs ou leurs crimes'', Paris, J. Leroux, Jouby et Ce, Libraires, 1850, tome VIII
p. 147*
Ernest Hamel
Ernest Hamel (1826-1898) was a French lawyer, poet, historian, journalist and politician. He served as a member of the French Senate from 1892 to 1898, representing Seine-et-Oise.
Early life
Ernest Hamel was born on 2 July 1826 in Paris, France. H ...
, ''Histoire de Robespierre d'après des papiers de famille, les sources originales et des documents entièrement inédits: d'après des papiers de famille, les sources originales et des documents entièrement inédits'', Paris, Librairie internationale, 1865, tome 1
p. 180-182
References
External links
*
Manuel du voyageur à Paris, ou Paris ancien et moderne', 1811 edition
{{DEFAULTSORT:Villiers, Pierre
18th-century French military personnel
18th-century French male writers
18th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
French opera librettists
18th-century French poets
19th-century French journalists
French male journalists
19th-century French poets
Maximilien Robespierre
French counter-revolutionaries
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Knights of the Order of Saint Louis
1760 births
1843 deaths