)
13th Infantry Division
13^e DI (1873)
(french: 13^e Division d'Infanterie)
8th Infantry Division
8^e DI (1878)
(french: 8e division d'infanterie) , battles=

Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the de ...

Italian Campaign
Expedition of Mexico
Franco-Prussian War , awards=

Legion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon B ...

(Grand Officier) , relations= , laterwork= Inspector general of the scholar battalions (1883) Pierre Jean Joseph Jeanningros (21 November 1816 Besançon, France – 30 April 1902)His Father Joseph-Marie Jeanningros was then officer. His Mother Françoise LLuesma, was of Spanish origin from Valence was a French

général is the French word for general. There are two main categories of generals: the general officers (), which are the highest-ranking commanding officers in the armed forces, and the specialist officers with flag rank (), which are high-level offic ...

, famous for having commanded the

French Foreign Legion The French Foreign Legion (french: Légion étrangère) is a corps of the French Army which comprises several specialties: infantry, Armoured Cavalry Arm, cavalry, Military engineering, engineers, Airborne forces, airborne troops. It was created ...

Military career

Insigne en tissu de le 8e division d'infanterie

On 20 November 1834 he became a soldier, as an enfant troop (french: enfant de troupe) at the 66th Line Infantry Regiment (french: 66^e Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne), his Father's unit. He was promoted to Caporal (

Corporal Corporal is a military rank in use in some form by many militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations. The word is derived from the medieval Italian phrase ("head of a body"). The rank is usually the lowest ranking non ...

) on 6 July 1835, Fourrier (french: fourrier) (fourrier: non-commissioned officer responsible for stewardship) on 14 December 1836 and

Grenadier A grenadier ( , ; derived from the word '' grenade'') was originally a specialist soldier who threw hand grenades in battle. The distinct combat function of the grenadier was established in the mid-17th century, when grenadiers were recruited fr ...

Fourrier on 21 April 1836. On 1 December 1836 he was assigned as a Sergent (

Sergeant Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and other uni ...

) at the Zouaves (french:

Zouaves The Zouaves were a class of light infantry regiments of the French Army serving between 1830 and 1962 and linked to French North Africa; as well as some units of other countries modelled upon them. The zouaves were among the most decorated unit ...

) Regiment. He passed

Sergeant Major Sergeant major is a senior non-commissioned rank or appointment in many militaries around the world. History In 16th century Spain, the ("sergeant major") was a general officer. He commanded an army's infantry, and ranked about third in the ...

(french: Sergent-Major) on 16 August 1837 and

Sous-Lieutenant Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces, comparable to NATO OF-1 rank. Australia The rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until 19 ...

on 21 June 1840. On 8 September 1841 he was assigned as a Sous-Lieutenant to the 2nd Zouaves Regiment (french: 2^e Régiment de Zouaves). He was accordingly promoted to

Lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often sub ...

on 2 January 1842 and

Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

on 10 July 1847. On 14 March 1852 he returned as captain to the 1st Zouaves Regiment (french: 1^er Régiment de Zouaves) and was designated as Capatain Adjudant Major on 3 May 1852. On 7 February 1854 he was designated as a

Chef de bataillon Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...

(

Commandant Commandant ( or ) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police ran ...

–

major Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...

) in the 43rd Line Infantry Regiment (french: 43^e Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne) and was assigned on 4 July 1855 to the 1st Guard Voltigeurs Regiment. On 2 October 1855 he was promoted to

Lieutenant-colonel Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...

in the 82nd Line Infantry Regiment (french: 82^e Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne) and passed

Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

on 12 July 1859 at the 43rd Line Infantry Regiment (french: 43^e Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne). Under a Ministerial decision, he was assigned as a colonel in the Foreign Regiment in

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

(french: Mexique) and became superior commander of

Veracruz Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...

(french:

) and the Hot Lands from 14 June 1863 to 26 February 1864. From 20 June 1865 he was assigned to the command of the subdivision of

Monterrey Monterrey ( , ) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León, Mexico, and the third largest city in Mexico behind Guadalajara and Mexico City. Located at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the city is anchor ...

(french:

), including the States of Cacahuiel and Leon (french: Léon). On 1 August 1865 he was promoted to

Général de brigade Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed to ...

, commanding the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Division of the same States. He retained simultaneously his position at the head of the Foreign Legion, until 31 May 1866. He was accordingly designated as superior commandant for the States of

Querétaro Querétaro (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Querétaro, links=no; Otomi language, Otomi: ''Hyodi Ndämxei''), is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. I ...

(french:

) and Sierra. He returned to

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

with the occupation army and disembarked at

Saint-Nazaire Saint-Nazaire (; ; Gallo: ''Saint-Nazère/Saint-Nazaer'') is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France, in traditional Brittany. The town has a major harbour on the right bank of the Loire estuary, near the Atlantic Ocean ...

on 28 March 1867. He was named by an Imperial decision on 30 March 1867 to the command of the 1st Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division (french: 2^e Division d'Infanterie) of the

Imperial Guard An imperial guard or palace guard is a special group of troops (or a member thereof) of an empire, typically closely associated directly with the Emperor or Empress. Usually these troops embody a more elite status than other imperial forces, in ...

, consisting of: * The

(french:

) * The 1st Grenadier Regiment à Pied of the Imperial Guard (french: 1^er Régiment de Grenadiers à Pied de la Garde Imperial) * The Regiment of Gendarmerie On 23 October 1870 with the capitulation of the Army at

Metz Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand E ...

he was made a

prisoner of war A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of wa ...

and was interned in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

Aachen Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...

(french:

Aix-la-Chapelle Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...

). He returned to

on 12 March 1871 where he was of disposition and availability. On 11 June 1871 he was nominated to the command of the subdivision of

Indre-et-Loire Indre-et-Loire () is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River The Loire (, also ; ; oc, Léger, ; la, Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it ...

, at

Tours Tours ( , ) is one of the largest cities in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Indre-et-Loire. The Communes of France, commune of Tours had 136,463 ...

. On 17 August 1871 he was nominated to the command of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Division of the 4th Corps of the Army of Versailles (french: Armée de Versailles), by Ministerial decision. By decree on 22 May 1873 he was promoted to

Général de division Divisional general is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French (Revolutionary) System, and is used by a number of countries. The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps ...

and placed at the position of disposition, starting 1 June. On 18 October 1873 he was nominated to the command of the 13th Infantry Division (french: 13^e Division d'Infanterie), which was part of the 1st Army Corps (french: 1^er Corps d'Armée), commanded by The Duke (french: général Duc d'Aumale). On 16 June 1874 he became inspector general of the 13th Infantry Arrondissement and added progressively to this active command, the subdivisions of the regions of

Bourg Bourg or Le Bourg may refer to: Places France Bourg * Bourg, Aisne, a former commune in France, now part of Bourg-et-Comin * Bourg, Bas-Rhin, a former commune in Bas-Rhin, now part of Bourg-Bruche * Bourg, Gironde, also known as Bourg-sur-Gir ...

Belley Belley () is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. History Belley is of Roman origin, and in the 5th century became an episcopal see. It was the capital of the province of Bugey, which was a dependency of Savoy till 1601, when i ...

, and

Langres Langres () is a commune in France, commune in northeastern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Departments of France, department of Haute-Marne, in the Regions of France, region of Grand Est. History As the capital o ...

. From 30 June 1876 to 2 July 1877 he was the inspector general of the 13th Infantry Arrondissement. On 22 January 1878 he was designated as the commandant of the 8th Infantry Division (french: 8e division d'infanterie), at the 4th Army Corps (french: 4^e Corps d'Armée). From 27 May 1878 to 12 May 1881 he was inspector general of the 8th Infantry Arrondissement. In October 1881 he joined to his command the divisions of

Mayenne Mayenne () is a landlocked department in northwest France named after the river Mayenne. Mayenne is part of the administrative region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Manche, Orne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, and Ille-et ...

Laval, Mayenne Laval () is a town in western France, about west-southwest of Paris, and the capital of the Mayenne department. Its inhabitants are called ''Lavallois''. The commune of Laval proper, without the metropolitan area, is the 7th most populous in ...

Le Mans Le Mans (, ) is a city in northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Man ...

Alençon Alençon (, , ; nrf, Alençoun) is a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department. It is situated west of Paris. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alençon (with 52,000 people). History The name of Alençon is firs ...

and

Argentan Argentan () is a commune and the seat of two cantons and of an arrondissement in the Orne department in northwestern France. Argentan is located NE of Rennes, ENE of the Mont Saint-Michel, SE of Cherbourg, SSE of Caen, SW of Rouen and N ...

. As of 21 November 1881 he was admitted by Presidential decision to the reserve section. On 23 November, on his demand, he was admitted to valorize his rights for retirement pension. He was officially retired by decree on 17 January 1882 after 48 years of service. In 1883 he was designated as inspector general of the scholar battalion (french: bataillons scolaires). This patriotic movement regrouped institution members, interested in implementing basic physical culture and discipline to the young French people. In 1889, he retired from all works.

Recognitions and Honors

His bravery during combats of the conquest of Algeria nicknamed him as "le Bayard des braves" Wounded 6 times under fires, he totalized 4 citations. * 1843, Knight of the Order of the

Légion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...

. * 1856, Officer of the Order of the

. * 1856, 4th Class of the Ottoman

Order of the Medjidie Order of the Medjidie ( ota, نشانِ مجیدی, August 29, 1852 – 1922) is a military and civilian order of the Ottoman Empire. The Order was instituted in 1851 by Sultan Abdulmejid I. History Instituted in 1851, the Order was awarded in fi ...

* 1863, Medal of His Majesty the King of Sardinia (

Crimean Campaign The Crimea campaign was an eight-month-long campaign by Axis forces to conquer the Crimea Peninsula, and was the scene of some of the bloodiest battles on the Eastern Front during World War II. The German, Romanian, and defending Soviet t ...

). * 1863, Commander of the Imperial Order of the

. * 1864, Commander of the Imperial Order of

Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe ( es, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe ( es, Virgen de Guadalupe), is a Catholic title of Mary, mother of Jesus associated with a series of five Marian apparitions, which are believed t ...

. * 1866, Grand Officer of the Imperial Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe. * 1877, Grand Officer of the Order of the

. He was also titular of the following decorations: *

Crimea Medal The Crimea Medal was a campaign medal approved on 15 December 1854, for issue to officers and men of British units (land and naval) which fought in the Crimean War of 1854–56 against Russia. The medal was awarded with the British version of th ...

Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign The Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign (french: Médaille commémorative de la campagne d'Italie de 1859) was a French commemorative medal established by Napoleon III, following the 1859 French campaign in Italy during the Second I ...

Commemorative medal of the Mexico Expedition The Commemorative medal of the Mexico Expedition (french: Médaille commémorative de l'expédition du Mexique) was a French commemorative campaign medal established by decree of French emperor Napoleon III on 29 August 1863 to recognize milit ...

* Valor Medal of Sardinia Statue du Général Jeanningros

Since 1986 a road in Servon bears his name. A statue of the general was inaugurated on 15 August 1909 at Besançon, by the Minister of War at the époque, general Brun. In light of construction of a war memorial depicting the war of 1914/1918, the statue was moved. Fabricated in bronze, the occupation authorities ordered, in 1942, to melt it simultaneously along with that of Pierre Joseph Proudhon which was nearby.

Notes

References

Sources

* ''La Dépêche Républicaine'', 28 février 1902. * ''Le général Jeanningros, 1816–1902'' (General Jeanningros, 1816–1902), René-Charles Plancke, Brie-Comte-Robert, 1974. * ''L'Est Républicain'' (East Republican), 30 mai 1986. * ''Le général Pierre Jeanningros, 1816–1902, colonel commandant le régiment étranger à Camerone'' (General Pierre Jeanningros, 1816–1902, colonel commandant the Foreign Regiment at Cameron), Michel Jeanningros, Besançon, 1986. * ''Dictionnaire biographique du Doubs'', Max Roche et Michel Vernus, Lons-le-Saunier, 1997. * ''Camerone'' Pierre Sergent (military), Fayard, 1979. * Dossier du Général Jeanningros, Defense historic service. {{DEFAULTSORT:Jeanningros, Pierre Joseph 1816 births 1902 deaths French generals French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War French military personnel of the Second French intervention in Mexico French military personnel of the Crimean War Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Officers of the French Foreign Legion

Military career

Recognitions and Honors

See also

Notes

References

Sources