Pierre Chouard (Paris, 29 October 1903 - Paris, 11 December 1983) was a French
botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...
, specialising in plant physiology.
Biography
He entered the École normale supérieure, in the class of 1924, and graduated in natural sciences in 1927.
In 1930, he participated in the formation of the
International Mediterranean and Alpine Geobotany Station in Montpellier.
He was professor of plant physiology at the
Sorbonne
Sorbonne may refer to:
* Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities.
*the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970)
*one of its components or linked institution, ...
and director of the plant research establishment
Phytotron
A phytotron is an enclosed research greenhouse used for studying interactions between plants and the environment. It was a product of the disciplines of plant physiology and botany.
Overview
Phytotrons unified and extended earlier piecemeal effor ...
at
Gif-sur-Yvette
Gif-sur-Yvette (, literally ''Gif on Yvette'') is a commune in south-western Ile de France, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
Geography
The town is crossed by and named after the river Yvette.
The total area is and is green sp ...
.
In 1962, with his friend
Henri Gaussen
Marcel-Henri Gaussen (14 July 1891 in Cabrières-d'Aigues (Vaucluse) - 27 July 1981 in Toulouse), was a French botanist and biogeographer.
In 1926, he defended his thesis on "the vegetation of the eastern half of the Pyrenees", which laid the ...
, he was instrumental in the creation of the
Pyrenees National Park
The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...
.
[Sophie Bobbé, ''Il était une fois un parc... : Histoire de la création du parc national des Pyrénées'', dans ''Histoire des parcs nationaux'', Éditions Quae, 2009] Both went on to be part of the park's Scientific Committee.
He was a member of the Académie d'agriculture de France, a founding member of the Société française de physiologie végétale, and President of the Société botanique de France in 1949–1950.
Choard authored some six
taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
names, including four in the genus ''
Hyacinthella
''Hyacinthella'' is a genus of bulbous flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (formerly the family Hyacinthaceae).Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards),Asparagales: Scilloideae, ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'', retrieved 201 ...
'',
Brimeura amethystina and Muscari subg. Moscharia. He is associated with at least thirty.
Chouard, Pierre (1903-1983)
''www.ipni.org'' accessed 15 May 2021
Publications
* ''Nouvelles observations sur les éléments floristiques du Massif de Néouvieille et de la Vallée d'Aure'', 1933, 4 p.
* ''La multiplication végétative et le bourgeonnement chez les plantes vasculaires'', Hermann & Cie, 1934, 48 p.
* ''La première excursion botanique interuniversitaire, organisée en Bretagne par l'Université de Rennes (4-7 juin 1938)'', 1938
* ''Les Idées modernes sur le mécanisme de la photosynthèse'', with Jean Dufrenoy, Henri Jean Maresquelle & André Eichhorn, in ''Actualités scientifiques et industrielles, Phytobiologia'', vol.1, Hermann, 1941, 62 p.
* ''Alimentation et hygiène en période de restrictions pour les collectivités de jeunesse: lycées, collèges, internats'', les Belles éditions, 1943, 24 p.
* ''Additions à la connaissance floristique des Pyrénées'', 1947
* ''Pourquoi fleurissent les plantes'', Palais de la Découverte, 1949, 62 p.
* ''Éléments de génétique et d'amélioration des plantes'', in ''Cours du Conservatoire national des Arts et métiers'', Centre de documentation universitaire, 1951
* ''La réserve naturelle de Néouvieille dans les Pyrénées centrales'', in ''Travaux du Laboratoire forestier de Toulouse'', vol.4, Faculté des sciences, 1953, 6 p.
* ''Dormances et inhibitions des graines et des bourgeons: préparation au forçage, thermopériodisme'', Centre de documentation universitaire, 1954, 157 p.
* ''Cultures sans sol'', Maison Rustique, 1954, 200 p.
* ''Caractères généraux des Pyrénées centrales entre Gaves et Nestes (Relief, sol, climats, végétation, activités humaines)'', 1954, 46 p.
* ''Peut-on rechercher la mise en valeur agricole du Sahara'', 1954, 8 p.
* ''Les gibberellines: nouveaux facteurs de croissance des plantes à fleurs'', Persan Beaumont, 1958, 10 p.
* ''Phytotronique: science, technique, et recherches sur les rapports entre l'environnement et la biologie des végétaux'', with N. de Bilderling, Éditions du CNRS, 1969, 111 p.
* ''Phytotronique et prospective horticole: phytotronique II'', symposium for the 18e congrès international de l'horticulture Tel-Aviv organised by P. Chouard and N. de Bilderling, March 1970, compte rendu, Gauthier-Villars, 1972
References
External links
* Professor Pierre Chouard, interviewed in a greenhouse at the Phytotron of Gif-sur-Yvette (document INA
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chouard, Pierre
1903 births
1983 deaths
20th-century French botanists