Pierre-Marie Poisson was born in
Niort
Niort (; Poitevin: ''Niàu''; oc, Niòrt; la, Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres.
The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the u ...
on 19 November 1876 and died in Paris on 11 January 1953. He was a French sculptor and medallist.
Biography
Pierre-Marie Poisson was born in
Niort
Niort (; Poitevin: ''Niàu''; oc, Niòrt; la, Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres.
The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the u ...
on 19 November 1876. Early studies at the local school were followed by the
Nantes
Nantes (, , ; Gallo: or ; ) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth largest in France, with a population of 314,138 in Nantes proper and a metropolitan area of nearly 1 million inhabita ...
's college "Toutes Aides". From 1893 to 1896 he studied at the
Toulouse
Toulouse ( , ; oc, Tolosa ) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean and from Par ...
École des Beaux-Arts before enrollment at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris where he was attached to
Louis-Ernest Barrias
Louis-Ernest Barrias (13 April 1841 – 4 February 1905) was a French sculptor of the Beaux-Arts school. In 1865 Barrias won the Prix de Rome for study at the French Academy in Rome.
Barrias was involved in the decoration of the Paris Opéra ...
's studio. From 1899 he started exhibiting at the Société des Artistes Français. In 1907 he won the Société des Artistes Français' medal of honour which was accompanied by a bursary to allow him to study at the villa Abd-el-Tif in Algeria. He was to stay there for 6 years. In 1923 he became a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. He practiced as a medallist and sculptor both of monuments and busts and in 1922 his home town of Niort commissioned him to carry out the sculptural work on their war memorial. This was followed in 1925 by his work on the
Le Havre
Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very cl ...
war memorial, a huge composition on which he was to work for three years and which is considered to be his chef-d'oeuvre and to be one of France's finest war memorials.
He was to work on decoration for the ocean liner "Ile-de-France", on a fountain for Paris' Trocadéro and sculptures for the façade of the Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet church. In 1935 he worked on two bas-reliefs for the "Normandie"'s dining room. He worked until 1951 when he completed his final commission for the "Fontaine de la guérison". He died in Paris on 11 January 1953.
Main works
"la Petite Fille de Bou-Saada"
This work by Poisson, one of his studies whilst in Algeria, can be seen in Niort's museum.
Bust of
Jacques de Liniers
Santiago Antonio María de Liniers y Bremond, 1st Count of Buenos Aires, KOM, OM (July 25, 1753 – August 26, 1810) was a French officer in the Spanish military service, and a viceroy of the Spanish colonies of the Viceroyalty of the River P ...
De Liniers was born in Niort and Poisson was commissioned to execute his bust for a monument there in 1910.
Bust of a young boy
This bust depicts Claude, the sculptor's son. The work dates to 1928. It was exhibited at the Salon des Tuileries and purchased by the State. A plaster version can be seen in the Musées de Niort.
Bust of Madame Poisson or Luce
Also dates to 1928 and held by Poitiers' Musée Sainte-Croix. The Musée de Niort also hold a plaster version and the Musée national d'art moderne hold a bronze version cast by Alexis Rudier.
Statuette "La Santé Retrouvée" or "Fontaine de la Guerison"
Dates to 1951. A model for a bronze statue in
Poitiers
Poitiers (, , , ; Poitevin: ''Poetàe'') is a city on the River Clain in west-central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and the historical centre of Poitou. In 2017 it had a population of 88,291. Its agglomerat ...
replacing the figures of the inventors of
quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to ''Plasmodium falciparum'' that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. While sometimes used for nocturnal leg cr ...
Pelletier and Caventou. The original by E.Cormier, had been melted down by the Germans during the occupation.
Decoration for the 1937 Paris exhibition
For the Paris exhibition of 1937, one of the pavilions recreated a French embassy and artists, designers, craftsmen and sculptors were commissioned to work on its decoration. Poisson was commissioned to work on one of the two lamps for the balcony of the embassy's imagined salon.
"La Jeunesse"
This sculpture in
ronde-bosse
''Ronde-bosse'', ''en ronde bosse'' or encrusted enamel is an enamelling technique developed in France in the late 14th century that produces small three-dimensional figures, or reliefs, largely or entirely covered in enamel. The new method in ...
was created by Poisson for the 1937 exposition universelle and can be seen around the fountain in the garden of the Trocadéro together with Léon Drivier's sculpture "la Joie de Vivre".
"la Baigneuse"
Also known as "Baigneuse à la Draperie". Bronze versions of this 1938 composition held by various parties and the plaster model lodged with the Musée d'art moderne in Paris. Poitiers' Musée Sainte-Croix hold the plaster version.
Bust of Jean Claude Auriol
This plaster bust of the French president's grandson is held by Poitiers' Musées de la ville et de la société des antiquaires de l'Ouest.
Scène de Mosquée
This plaster bas-relief can be seen in
Bourg-en-Bresse
Bourg-en-Bresse (; frp, Bôrg) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Ain Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region in Eastern France. Located northeast of Lyon, it is the capital of the ...
's Musée de Brou.
Bust of Marianne
![Mistler-Poisson-1933](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Mistler-Poisson-1933.jpg)
In 1933 Poisson a bust of "
Marianne
Marianne () has been the national personification of the French Republic since the French Revolution, as a personification of liberty, equality, fraternity and reason, as well as a portrayal of the Goddess of Liberty.
Marianne is displayed i ...
", the symbol of the French Republic and this was made available for sale by the
Musée du Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
. A version can for example be seen in
Arpajon
Arpajon () is a commune in the Essonne department in the Île-de-France region of northern France.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Arpajonnais'' or ''Arpajonnaises''.
The commune has been awarded three flowers by the ''National C ...
in
Essonne
Essonne () is a department of France in the southern Île-de-France region. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659 across 194 communes.[Saint-Loup-Lamairé
Saint-Loup-Lamairé () is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France.
The commune was formed in 1974 by the merger of two former communes: Saint-Loup-sur-Thouet and Lamairé.
As indicated by its name, the village of Saint-Loup-s ...]
in
Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres () is a French department. ''Deux-Sèvres'' literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019. . It is thought to date to 1921.
Medals
Poisson was an accomplished medalist.
Musee du quai Branly
This museum hold several bronze Poisson medals. One, dating to 1930. celebrates agricultural progress in Algeria.
Bust of Delphin Sagot
At 76 place de l'Eglise in
Échiré
Échiré () is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.
History
Knowledge of Echiré has been enhanced by recent archeological investigations. The 'Les Loups' (Literally 'The Wolves') site i ...
in
Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres () is a French department. ''Deux-Sèvres'' literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019. is Poisson's bronze bust of Delphin Sagot executed in 1908 and cast by Hohwiller in Paris.
"La Seine"
This bronze study for Poisson's allegory of the river Seine can be seen in the Musée d’Agesci in Niort. The original statue decorated the ocean liner "Ile-de-France"'s dining room.
Monument to Antoine Proust
At
Saint-Maixent-l'Ecole in
Deux Sevres Deux and D'eux means "of them" or "about them" while also being the number "two" in French.
*2 (number), the natural number following 1 and preceding 3
**Two (disambiguation)
*Folie à deux, a rare psychiatric syndrome
Geography
* Deux Montagne ...
one can see this Poisson work of 1909.
Le Havre railway station
A bronze Poisson bas-relief which originally decorated the station bell-tower can now be see inside the station.
Decoration for ocean liners
The ocean liner "France"
Poisson's bas-relief " la Fête chez les Ouled-Nail", executed in 1912, was part of the decoration of "France"'s " salle mauresque".
The ocean liner " Ile-de-France"
Working with Albert Pommier in 1927 he completed two of the four reliefs for the "grand salon" these symbolizing the four great French rivers, l'Aisne, l'Oise, la Marne et la Seine. The Musée Municipal Bernard d'Agesci in Niort have the plaster models for the "Ile-de-France" work.
The ocean liner "Normandie"
In 1935, and working with fellow sculptors Drivier and Pommier he worked on reliefs for the "Normandie"'s dining room.
War memorials
The
Le Havre
Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very cl ...
War Memorial
It took Poisson three years to complete this monumental work measuring 10 metres in length 5 metres in width and 6 metres high and it was
a miracle that it emerged undamaged from the devastating bombing of Le Havre in the 1939-1940 war. This monument, considered by many to be the most outstanding of the many memorials erected after the 1914-1918 war, concentrates on two figures, that of "Victory" and "Grief". The figure of "Victory" stands defiantly against the headwinds almost as the prow of a ship, her enormous wings enveloping and protecting the figures grouped around it and at the rear of Poisson's composition is the figure of "Douleur"; Poisson contrasts the euphoria of victory with a veiled woman depicting the despair, misery and sorrow left by the loss of so many lives. She is accompanied by a widow and a young girl who has lost her future husband.
It was in February 1921 that the Le Havre municipality launched a competition to choose an architect and sculptor for the proposed war memorial and Pierre-Marie Poisson was chosen to carry out the sculptural work involved. The composition has various figures grouped around a central female allegory for "Victory". The figures on the northern side represent martial virtues with neo-classical warriors and a wounded soldier whilst the southern group cover the civilian virtues with a depiction of a fisherman, a woman holding grapes signifying agricultural abundance and a mother who holds up her child, a symbol of motherhood. The memorial stands in the Place de Gaulle. It was inaugurated on 3 August 1924. To the names of those who perished in the 1914-1918 war, almost 6,000 in total, have been added the victims of the 1939-1945 conflict and those lost in France's colonial wars.
The memorial is also known as the "Monument de la Victoire".
Niort
Niort (; Poitevin: ''Niàu''; oc, Niòrt; la, Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres.
The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the u ...
War memorial
The Chauvigny stone war memorial was commissioned in 1922 and inauguration took place in July 1923. It is located in Niort's place du Donjon.
The names of 564 men are listed on the memorial, all casualties of the 1914-1918 war and in the memorial's centre is a "Marianne" sculpture by Poisson. She stands with each arm spread along the top of the wall on which the names are inscribed. She wears a long robe, a "phrygien" bonnet, sandals and holds a sword. One critic wrote
The inscription on the memorial reads
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Poisson, Pierre-Marie
1876 births
1953 deaths
People from Niort
20th-century French sculptors
French male sculptors