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Pidgin Fijian (also known as Jargon Fijian, Fijian Pidgin, Broken Fijian) was a plantation language used by iTaukei (Indigenous)
Fijians Fijians ( fj, iTaukei, lit=Owners (of the land)) are a nation and ethnic group native to Fiji, who speak Fijian and share a common history and culture. Fijians, or ''iTaukei'', are the major indigenous people of the Fiji Islands, and live in ...
and foreigners in Fiji's plantations.


History

Indigenous Fijians first came into contact with Europeans in 1800's when a few sailors were stranded in a shipwreck. After that initial incident, contact between Indigenous Fijians and Europeans became common. The Europeans then started to exploit Fiji's resources. The cotton plantation industry began in the 1860s. The development of Pidgin Fiji is correlated with the development of plantation agriculture in Fiji. At this point, the Europeans only used Fijian labourers and needed a form of communication to use between them. The cotton industry collapsed in 1870, but the European settlers found other crops, such as sugar, to farm. The plantation industry then grew, compelling the European settlers to recruit more labourers from neighbouring Pacific Islands. The new labour workers came from various islands with around 180 different languages. Because there was a need for communication and no mutually intelligible language between all, the Jargon Fijian was modified and became the
lingua franca A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups ...
on the plantations. The sugar plantation industry rapidly grew, with a higher demand for labourers, the European settlers recruited from India. Between 1879 and 1916, over 60 000 Indians from vast areas of India were brought to Fiji as labour workers.{{Cite journal, last=Siegel, first=Jeff, date=1982, title=Plantation Pidgin Fijian, url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3623154, journal=Oceanic Linguistics, volume=21, issue=1/2, pages=1–72, doi=10.2307/3623154, jstor=3623154 Jargon Fijian was being used more often, leading to its pidginization.


Features

Pidgin Fijian began as a jargon and developed into a pidgin but never extended further into an extended pidgin or pidgin creole. Pidgin Fijian has features that can trace to simplifications made by Indigenous Fijians to make it easier for foreigners to learn. There is evidence of modifications that were errors made by Europeans and other foreigners. English was not a target language in Pidgin Fijian. The European settlers were given orders to learn the language of the labourers and believed that non-Europeans should not learn English to put them in their 'place.'


Today

Pidgin Fijian has likely existed for more than a hundred years.


References

Wikipedia Student Program Fijian language Hindi languages Languages of Fiji Pidgins and creoles Mixed languages