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Picigin () is traditional ball game from
Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, entertai ...
,
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
that is played on the
beach A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc shel ...
. It is an amateur sport played in shallow water consisting of players keeping a small ball from touching the water.


Origin

Picigin originated on the sandy beach of Bačvice in Split. It was first played in 1908 by a group of Croatian students returning from
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who were finding it difficult to play the game of
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in the shallow water. Instead, they began playing a different game which would come to be known as picigin.


Description

The game involves several players in a circle batting around a small ball with their hands; the objective is to keep the ball in the air and out of the water for as long as possible. Players don't catch the ball, they bounce it around with the palm of the hand. As such, the game somewhat resembles net-less
volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summ ...
, but is played with a much smaller ball, usually a peeled tennis ball. There is no set number of players, though five is usually average. Much running and diving is done in order to keep the ball from going in the shallow water. Picigin is considered a non-competitive sport: there are no opposing sides, no points, neither winners nor losers. It is generally viewed as a relaxing and fun game, and many take the opportunity to make extravagant leaps and acrobatic manoeuvrings to keep the ball in play.


Rules

Since picigin is an amateur sport, there are no strict or formal rules, but it is played according to tradition, with little variation, but the main goal is to keep ball in the air as long as possible.


Players

There are usually five players in the game. Two of them are called ''sidruni'' (sidro = anchor, they are called so because they do not move from their places) and the other three are runners (''trkači''). The groups are often mixed both by gender and age.


Terrain

Picigin must be played on a sandy beach in shallow water. The beach must be sandy because otherwise players could easily get hurt. It is best if the water is ankle-deep, because of mobility and also to soften falls, which are common because there's a lot of jumping around trying to reach the ball.


Ball

The traditional ball, called ''balun'' (otherwise a dialectal name for a ball, but this name is strictly used, especially by expert players) is actually a peeled tennis ball, polished off a few millimeters. This kind of ball is best suited for bouncing. It is smooth and lighter than a normal tennis ball.


Tradition

The most traditional players believe it to be impossible to play picigin anywhere but on the sandy beach of Bačvice in
Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, entertai ...
, which is considered the game's spiritual home. Picigin is played on Bačvice year round and, often at night in the summer (reflectors can be used in the dark). There is also a longstanding tradition of playing picigin on
New Year's Day New Year's Day is a festival observed in most of the world on 1 January, the first day of the year in the modern Gregorian calendar. 1 January is also New Year's Day on the Julian calendar, but this is not the same day as the Gregorian one. Wh ...
regardless of weather conditions, when the sea temperature is rarely above 10 
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. In June 2008, picigin was pronounced a
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
n immaterial cultural good, for a period of three years, with pending plans for a permanent designation.


Championships

Since 2005, the Picigin World Championship in picigin (''Prvenstvo svita u piciginu'') is organized every year on Bačvice beach in Split.Na Bačama održano sedmo Prvenstvo svita u piciginu
Until 2008, players were given a task to do certain jumps, but from 2008, the winner is selected according to the artistic impression of a whole group.


Publications

*Vladan Papić, Ivan Granić & Hrvoje Turić: ''Picigin kao vodeni sport: početno istraživanje'', scientific paper published in Acta Kinesiologica


References


External links

{{commons category, Picigin
Picigin siteBačvice, Split
Ball games Water sports Croatian games Sport in Croatia Split, Croatia