''Physocarpus'', commonly called ninebark, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

to North America (most species) and northeastern Asia (one species).

Description

''Physocarpus'' are

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s with peeling bark''Physocarpus opulifolius'' 'Diabolo'.
Missouri Botanical Garden. and alternately arranged leaves. The leaves are palmate with 3 to 7 lobes and often toothed edges. The

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...

is a cluster of bell-shaped flowers with 5 rounded white or pink petals and many

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s. The fruit is a flat or inflated

dehiscent Dehiscence is the splitting of a mature plant structure along a built-in line of weakness to release its contents. This is common among fruits, anthers and sporangia. Sometimes this involves the complete detachment of a part; structures that op ...

follicle.''Physocarpus''.
The Jepson eFlora 2013.''Physocarpus''.
Flora of China. '' Physocarpus opulifolius'' is cultivated as an

ornamental plant Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ...

. Several

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

s have been bred, particularly for foliage of varying colors, including 'Dart's Gold' and 'Luteus', which have yellowish leaves, and 'Monlo' and 'Seward', which have reddish purple foliage.

Taxonomy

Species

There are sixOh, S. H. and D. Potter. (2005)
Molecular phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of tribe Neillieae (Rosaceae) using DNA sequences of cpDNA, rDNA, and LEAFY.
''American Journal of Botany'' 92(1), 179-92.Oh, S. H., et al. (2010)
Phylogenetic relationship of ''Physocarpus insularis'' (Rosaceae) endemic on Ulleung Island: implications for conservation biology.
''Journal of Plant Biology'' 53(1), 94-105. to 20 species in the genus. They include: Physocarpus monogynus bark1

*''

Physocarpus alternans ''Physocarpus alternans'' also known as dwarf ninebark and Nevada ninebark is a flowering shrub native to east California, currently found throughout Western North America. It was first described by J.T.Howell in 1931. It prefers growing on dry, ...

'' – dwarf ninebark (western North America) *'' Physocarpus amurensis'' – Asian ninebark (Asia) *''

Physocarpus australis ''Physocarpus'', commonly called ninebark, is a genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Rosaceae, native plant, native to North America (most species) and northeastern Asia (one species). Description ''Physocarpus'' are decidu ...

'' *'' Physocarpus bracteatus'' – (Colorado) *''

Physocarpus capitatus ''Physocarpus capitatus'', commonly called Pacific ninebark or tall ninebark, is a species of ''Physocarpus'' in the rose family native to western North America. Description ''Physocarpus capitatus'' is a dense deciduous shrub growing to tall ...

'' – Pacific ninebark (western North America) *'' Physocarpus glabratus'' – (Colorado) *''

Physocarpus malvaceus ''Physocarpus malvaceus'' is a species of flowering plant in the rose family known by the common name mallow ninebark. It is native to western North America, where its distribution extends from British Columbia to Nevada to Wyoming.Habeck, R. J. ...

'' – mallow ninebark (western North America) *''

Physocarpus monogynus ''Physocarpus monogynus'', the mountain ninebark or low ninebark, is a flowering shrub of western North America. Distribution ''Physocarpus monogynus'' occurs from northern Mexico and west Texas north to Montana and South Dakota and west to Neva ...

'' – mountain ninebark (North America) *'' Physocarpus opulifolius'' – common ninebark (eastern North America) *'' Physocarpus pauciflorus'' *'' Physocarpus ribesifolia'' – (Asia)

Synonyms

*''Physocarpus hanceana'' = '' Neillia hanceana'' *''Physocarpus intermedius'' = ''Physocarpus opulifolius'' var. ''intermedius'' * ''Physocarpus torreyi'' = ''Physocarpus monogynus'' *''Physocarpus stellatus'' = ''Physocarpus opulifolius''

Etymology

The genus name ''Physocarpus'' comes from the Greek word for "bladder fruit", referring to the inflated fruits of some species. The common name 'ninebark' refers to the peeling bark of mature branches, which comes away in strips.

Cultivation

Propagation is by seeds sown as soon as ripe or they can be stored dry in airtight containers in a cool place for up to a year and then sown. Plants can be divided in the early spring, with a sharp spade or even an axe, chopping right through the middle. Softwood and hardwood cuttings are easy to root. Garden writers describe few if any problems, but it is not unheard for armies of aphids to attack some varieties. Some seaside specimens exhibit powdery mildew in summer.

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q133596 Neillieae Rosaceae genera