''Physalaemus barrioi'' is a species of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is ...

in the family

Leptodactylidae The southern frogs form the Leptodactylidae, a name that comes from Greek meaning a bird or other animal having slender toes. They are a diverse family of frogs that most likely diverged from other hyloids during the Cretaceous. The family has u ...

. It is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

to Serra do Bocaina in

São Paulo state SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U.S. ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. The specific name ''barrioi'' honors , a Spanish botanist and zoologist who lived in Argentina. However, the common name Bocaina dwarf frog has been proposed for it.

Description

Adult males measure in snout–vent length. The head is triangular and longer than it is wide. The snout is sub-elliptical in dorsal view and acuminate laterally. The tympanum is concealed and the supratympanic fold is weakly developed. The fingers and the toes lack fringes and webbing. Coloration is dorsally brown or green, with some patterning that helps to camouflage the animal. A dark stripe runs from the

canthus rostralis In snakes and amphibians, the canthus, canthal ridge or ''canthus rostralis'',Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. . is the angle between the flat crown of the head and the ...

to the middle of the flank. The male advertisement call consists of a single, modulated, non-pulsed note lasting about 1.2 seconds. The calls are emitted at a rate of about 8 calls per minute.

Tadpole A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found ...

s have an ovoid body when viewed dorsally and globular when viewed laterally. The body is dark brown and has two dark stripes that continue onto the tail. Gosner stage 37 tadpoles measure about in total length; the body is about .

Habitat and conservation

''Physalaemus barrioi'' is a terrestrial species found in forests and grassland at elevations of about above sea level. Males call at night from bases of small thickets in open marsh areas. Foam nests are anchored at the base of marginal vegetation, typically grasses. Tadpoles can be found in permanent shallow marshes and small ponds with clay bottoms. ''Physalaemus barrioi'' occurs within and near the

Serra da Bocaina National Park Serra da Bocaina National Park is a national park of Brazil. It is located at the border between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in southeastern Brazil. Location Created by Federal Decree in 1971 and comprises an area of approximately ...

. The species may be negatively affected by reforestation as it is current more commonly found in open montane grasslands.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2239639 barrioi Amphibians of Brazil Endemic fauna of Brazil Amphibians described in 1967 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot