The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are found from southern

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

to South America, specifically from the Southwest United States to northern Argentina. They are ecologically the most varied and diverse family within the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

Chiroptera. Most species are

insectivorous A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores were ...

, but the phyllostomid bats include within their number true predatory species and

frugivore A frugivore is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance an ...

s (subfamily Stenodermatinae and Carolliinae). For example, the spectral bat (''Vampyrum spectrum''), the largest bat in the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

, eats vertebrate prey, including small, dove-sized birds. Members of this family have evolved to use food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the vampire bats, even blood. Both the scientific and common names derive from their often large, lance-shaped noses, greatly reduced in some of the nectar- and pollen-feeders. Because these bats echolocate nasally, this "nose-leaf" is thought to serve some role in modifying and directing the echolocation call. Similar nose leaves are found in some other groups of bats, most notably the Old World leaf-nosed bats. New World leaf-nosed bats are usually brown, grey, or black, although five species are white. They range in size from in head-body length, and can weigh from . Most roost in fairly small groups within caves, animal burrows, or hollow trees, although some species aggregate in colonies of several hundred individuals. They do not

hibernate Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It most ...

, although some species have been reported to

aestivate Aestivation ( la, aestas (summer); also spelled estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a ...

Evolution

The Phyllostomidae, also known as New World leaf-nosed bats, are among the most ecologically diverse mammal families, displaying more morphological variation than any other mammalian family. This variation is measured by diversity in skull morphology and diet-related characteristics: Phyllostomidae consists of species that have evolved physical modifications for insectivory, frugivory, hematophagy,

nectarivory In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal which derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants. Nectar as a food source presents a number of benefits a ...

, and omnivory. The nose-leaf—a distinctive characteristic of the family—is thought to have evolved to reflect dietary and foraging behavior of different species of Phyllostomidae. With an evolutionary history tracing back to the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...

, fossil and phylogenetic evidence suggests the family originated about 30 million years ago. Leaf nosed bats evolved from Yangochiroptera and Miniopteridae with sister groups also evolving from this group. The Phyllostomidae consist of 55 genera and about 180 species.

Description

New World leaf-nosed bats are bilaterally symmetrical and endothermic mammals characterized by an elaborate outgrowth of skin on their noses, called a nose-leaf, which is believed to aid in echolocation. The nose-leaf can be adorned with a vertical leaf, a concave upward leaf, or multiple accessory leaves; varying by species. Leaf-nosed bats lack a tail, have triangular-shaped ears that can have pointed or rounded tips, range in body size from 4 cm to 13.5 cm, and a wingspan up to 90 cm or more.

Biology and ecology

Like other bats, leaf-nosed bats are nocturnal foragers that use echolocation to locate food sources, though the food sources vary between species. Many bats in the family Phyllostomidae appear to have limited reliance on echolocation, likely because frugivorous bats do not need to quickly identify flying insects like many other bats. Instead, species of leaf-nosed fruit bats appear to use scent to identify their preferred food sources. When they are not foraging, leaf-nosed bats roost in abandoned buildings, caves, and beneath folded leaves depending on the species. Nearly every roosting option present among bats is represented within this family, including species that prefer to roost alone, as well as species that roost with thousands of other individuals every day.

Diet

The Phyllostomidae demonstrate the most diverse dietary habits of any family of bats across the globe. Because of this, general dietary patterns are categorized for each species. Leaf-nosed bats generally specialize in a particular type of diet which leads to classification in one of these groups:

nectarivore In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal which derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants. Nectar as a food source presents a number of benefits a ...

insectivore A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores wer ...

omnivore An omnivore () is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nutr ...

, or haematophagous. However, categorizations are based only on primary consumption habits, therefore observing species that occasionally consume food items outside of their particular classifications is not uncommon. Usually, when leaf-nosed bats consume outside of their primary dietary categorization, it is to ensure sufficient intake of nutrients that their primary food source may not provide. For example, nectar and ripe fruits provide sufficient amounts of carbohydrates and water, but are lacking in protein and fat.Elangovan, V., Marimuthu, G., Kunz, T.H. Temporal patterns of resource use by the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) (2001) Journal of Mammalogy, 82 (1), pp. 161-165. To meet basic nutritional requirements, leaf-nosed bats that primarily feed on fruit and nectar must also ensure sufficient protein and fat intake by consuming insects or leaves. Most leaf-nosed bats are classified as insectivores and feed on a variety of small insects. Certain species with this classification capture their prey either while in flight or from foliage in trees or on the ground. Carnivorous species feed on a variety of animals ranging from frogs to other bats. The Desmodontinae fall into this general carnivorous category, but are further distinguished by feeding exclusively on blood. In contrast, some species in this family feed on exclusively plants, gaining needed nutrients from fruits and leaves.

Life cycle

Leaf-nosed bats are gonochoric (separate sexes) that partake in sexual copulation. These bats can live for 20–30 years and females become sexually active at two years of age. Female ovulation occurs from October through September, after the female mates, the gestation period ranges from 8–9 months with an initial 3- to 5-month diapause period when the fetus growth is slowed; this diapause period is controlled by hormones. The female gives birth to a single pup, which has open ears, open eyes, and the first set of deciduous teeth, and is fully furred at birth.

Social systems

Among species that roost in groups, some evidence exists for a social hierarchy with higher-ranking individuals gaining access to preferred areas of the site. Solitary roosting bats, though, live alone and maintain a strict fidelity to a single roosting site. In some cases, males live alone or with harems, while females prefer to roost with other individuals and their pups. In nearly every species that has been studied, mothers and pups maintain a social bond that lasts beyond nursing. Apparently, young bats can learn food preferences from their mothers and when they are reluctant to leave the nest, mothers literally nudge the infants out of the roost.

Range

New World leaf-nosed bats range from the United States, in southern Arizona and the West Indies to northern Argentina. The family inhabits a diverse array of environments and habitats ranging from forests to deserts.

Human impact

Species of New World leaf-nosed bats that make their homes in forested areas are greatly affected by agricultural intensification.Williams‐Guillén, K., & Perfecto, I. (2010). Effects of Agricultural Intensification on the Assemblage of Leaf-Nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae) in a Coffee Landscape in Chiapas, Mexico. Biotropica, 42(5), 605–613. Specifically, it has been found that increased agricultural activity by humans causes negative conservation effects on these habitats and as a result reduces abundance and diversity of leaf-nosed bats that live there. California leaf-nosed bats in particular are susceptible to human disruption. This species is known to create large roosts in closed mine shafts due to their potential to provide warmth and isolation. When humans enter the shafts or rework old mines, this disrupts the roosts of the leaf-nosed bats and has the potential to be detrimental to the population as a whole.

Classification

The 192 described species within 56

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

are: FAMILY PHYLLOSTOMIDAE * Genus †'' Notonycteris'' *Subfamily: Brachyphyllinae **Genus: ''

Brachyphylla ''Brachyphylla'' (Caribbean fruit-eating bat) is a genus of leaf-nosed bats in the family Phyllostomidae. Both species live on islands near or in the Caribbean. The genus contains the following species: * Cuban fruit-eating bat (''B. nana'') * A ...

'' *** Cuban fruit-eating bat, ''B. nana'' *** Antillean fruit-eating bat, ''B. cavernarum'' *Subfamily: Carolliinae **Genus: '' Carollia'' - short-tailed leaf-nosed bats *** Benkeith's short-tailed bat, ''C. benkeithi'' *** Silky short-tailed bat, ''C. brevicauda'' *** Chestnut short-tailed bat, ''C. castanea'' *** Colombian short-tailed bat, ''C. colombiana'' *** Manu short-tailed bat, ''C. manu'' *** Mono's short-tailed bat, ''C. monohernandezi'' *** Seba's short-tailed bat, ''C. perspicillata'' *** Sowell's short-tailed bat, ''C. sowelli'' *** Gray short-tailed bat, ''C. subrufa'' **Genus: ''

Rhinophylla ''Rhinophylla'' is a genus of South American bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustaine ...

'' *** Hairy little fruit bat, ''R. alethina'' *** Fischer's little fruit bat, ''R. fischerae'' *** Dwarf little fruit bat, ''R. pumilio'' *Subfamily: Desmodontinae - vampire bats **Genus: ''

Desmodus ''Desmodus'' is a genus of bats which—along with the genera ''Diaemus'' and ''Diphylla''—are allied as the subfamily Desmodontinae, the carnivorous, blood-consuming vampire bats of the New World leaf-nosed bat family Phyllostomidae. The ge ...

'' ***''D. archaeodaptes'',

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

*** Giant vampire bat, ''D. draculae''

,Turvey, S.T. (2009). Holocene mammal extinctions. In: Turvey, S.T. (editor) (2009). ''Holocene Extinctions''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Turvey, S. 2008
''Desmodus draculae''.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 02 March 2016. *** Cuban vampire bat, ''D. puntajudensis''

*** Common vampire bat, ''D. rotundus'' Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. ''Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp.Barquez, R., Perez, S., Miller, B. & Diaz, M. 2015
''Desmodus rotundus''.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 02 March 2016. *** Stock's vampire bat, ''D. stocki''

,Knox Jones JR, J. (1958). Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396, December 19, 1958.
Available online
**Genus: ''Diaemus'' ***

White-winged vampire bat The white-winged vampire bat (''Diaemus youngi''), a species of vampire bat, is the only member of the genus ''Diaemus''. They are found from Mexico to northern Argentina and are present on the islands of Trinidad and Margarita. Etymology and ta ...

, ''D. youngi'' **Genus: ''Diphylla'' *** Hairy-legged vampire bat, ''D. ecaudata'' *Subfamily:

Glossophaginae Glossophaginae is a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats. List of species Subfamily: Glossophaginae * Tribe Glossophagini **Genus: '' Anoura'' - Geoffroy's long-nosed bats ***'' Anoura aequatoris'' *** Cadena's tailless bat, ''Anoura cadenai'' *** Ta ...

** Tribe Glossophagini ***Genus: ''

Anoura ''Anoura'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats from Central and South America. ''Anoura'' members lack or have a short tail, and are nectarivorous bats of small to medium size among the Phyllostomidae. Etymology The genus ''Anoura'' was described in ...

'' - Geoffroy's long-nosed bats ****''

Anoura aequatoris ''Anoura aequatoris'' (also known as the equatorial tailless bat) is a species of microbat that lives in South America in the countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Taxonomy When first described in 1921, Einar Lönnberg classified ' ...

'' ****

Cadena's tailless bat Cadena's tailless bat (''Anoura cadenai'') is a species of bat native to Colombia. In 2006 it was described as a separate species from the tailed tailless bat species complex. Taxonomy and etymology Cadena's tailless bat was species description, ...

, ''A. cadenai'' ****

Tailed tailless bat The tailed tailless bat (''Anoura caudifer'') is a species of leaf-nosed bat from South America. Taxonomy The scientific name of this species is variously given as either ''A. caudifer'' or ''A. caudifera'', with scientists having argued for bot ...

, ''A. caudifera'' **** Handley's tailless bat, ''A. cultrata'' **** Tube-lipped nectar bat, ''A. fistulata'' **** Geoffroy's tailless bat, ''A. geoffroyi'' ****Broad-toothed tailless bat, ''A. latidens'' ****Luis Manuel's tailless bat, ''A. luismanueli'' ****''Anoura peruana'' ***Genus: ''Choeroniscus'' ****Godman's long-tailed bat, ''C. godmani'' ****Greater long-tailed bat, ''C. periosus'' ****Lesser long-tongued bat, ''C. minor'' ***Genus: ''Choeronycteris'' ****Mexican long-tongued bat (hog-nosed bat), ''C. mexicana'' ***Genus: ''Dryadonycteris'' ****Dryadonycteris capixaba, Dryades bat, ''D. capixaba'' ***Genus: ''Glossophaga'' ****Commissaris's long-tongued bat, ''G. commissarisi'' ****Gray long-tongued bat, ''G. leachii'' ****Miller's long-tongued bat, ''G. longirostris'' ****Western long-tongued bat, ''G. morenoi'' ****Pallas's long-tongued bat, ''G. soricina'' ***Genus: ''Hylonycteris'' ****Underwood's long-tongued bat, ''H. underwoodi'' ***Genus: ''Leptonycteris'' - Saussure's long-nosed bats ****Southern long-nosed bat, ''L. curasoae'' ****Greater long-nosed bat or Mexican long-nosed bat, ''L. nivalis'' ****Lesser long-nosed bat, Lesser long-nosed bat or Mexican long-nosed bat, ''L. yerbabuenae'' ***Genus: ''Lichonycteris'' ****Dark long-tongued bat, ''L. obscura'' ***Genus: ''Monophyllus'' ****Insular single leaf bat, ''M. plethodon'' ****Leach's single leaf bat, ''M. redmani'' ***Genus: ''Musonycteris'' ****Banana bat (Colima long-nosed bat), ''M. harrisoni'' ***Genus: ''Scleronycteris'' ****Ega long-tongued bat, ''S. ega'' ** Tribe Lonchophyllini ***Genus: ''Lionycteris'' ****Chestnut long-tongued bat, ''L. spurrelli'' ***Genus: ''Lonchophylla'' ****Bokermann's nectar bat, ''L. bokermanni'' ****Lonchophylla cadenai, Cadena's long-tongued bat, ''L. cadenai'' ****Lonchophylla chocoana, Chocoan long-tongued bat, ''L. chocoana'' ****''Lonchophylla concava'' ****Dekeyser's nectar bat, ''L. dekeyseri'' ****Lonchophylla fornicata, Arched nectar bat, ''L. fornicata'' ****Handley's nectar bat, ''L. handleyi'' ****Western nectar bat, ''L. hesperia'' ****Godman's nectar bat, Goldman's nectar bat, ''L. mordax'' ****Lonchophylla orcesi, Orcés’s long-tongued bat, ''L. orcesi'' ****''Lonchophylla orienticollina'' ****Lonchophylla pattoni, Patton's long-tongued bat, ''L. pattoni'' ****''Lonchophylla peracchii'' ****Orange nectar bat, ''L. robusta'' ****Thomas's nectar bat, ''L. thomasi'' ***Genus: ''Platalina'' ****Long-snouted bat, ''P. genovensium'' ***Genus: ''Xeronycteris'' ****Vieira's long-tongued bat, ''X. vieirai'' *Subfamily: Phyllonycterinae **Genus: ''Erophylla'' - brown flower bats ***Brown flower bat, ''E. bombifrons'' ***Buffy flower bat, ''E. sezekorni'' **Genus: ''Phyllonycteris'' - Jamaican flower bats ***Jamaican flower bat, ''P. aphylla'' ***Puerto Rican flower bat, ''P. major'' ***Cuban flower bat, ''P. poeyi'' *Subfamily: Phyllostominae ** Tribe Micronycterini ***Genus: ''Glyphonycteris'' ****Behn's bat, ''G. behnii'' ****Davies's big-eared bat, ''G. daviesi'' ****Tricolored big-eared bat, ''G. sylvestris'' ***Genus: ''Lampronycteris'' ****Yellow-throated big-eared bat, ''L. brachyotis'' ***Genus: ''Macrotus'' - leaf-nosed bats ****California leaf-nosed bat, ''M. californicus'' ****Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat, ''M. waterhousii'' ***Genus: ''Micronycteris'' - little big-eared bats ****Brosset's big-eared bat, ''M. brosseti'' ****Giovanni's big-eared bat, ''M. giovanniae'' ****Hairy big-eared bat, ''M. hirsuta'' ****Pirlot's big-eared bat, ''M. homezi'' ****Matses's big-eared bat, ''M. matses'' ****Little big-eared bat, ''M. megalotis'' ****Common big-eared bat, ''M. microtis'' ****White-bellied big-eared bat, ''M. minuta'' ****Sanborn's big-eared bat, ''M. sanborni'' ****Schmidts's big-eared bat, ''M. schmidtorum'' ***Genus: ''Neonycteris'' ****Least big-eared bat, ''N. pusilla'' ***Genus: ''Trinycteris'' ****Niceforo's big-eared bat, ''T. nicefori'' ** Tribe Vampyrini ***Genus: ''Chrotopterus'' ****Big-eared woolly bat, ''C. auritus'' ***Genus: ''Lophostoma'' ****Pygmy round-eared bat, ''L. brasiliense'' ****Carriker's round-eared bat, ''L. carrikeri'' ****Davis's round-eared bat, ''L. evotis'' ****Western round-eared bat, ''L. occidentalis'' ****Schultz's round-eared bat, ''L. schulzi'' ****White-throated round-eared bat, ''L. silvicolum'' ****Yasuni round-eared bat, ''L. yasuni'' ***Genus: ''Tonatia'' - round-eared bats ****Greater round-eared bat, ''T. bidens'' ****Stripe-headed round-eared bat, ''T. saurophila'' ***Genus: ''Trachops'' ****Fringe-lipped bat, ''T. cirrhosus'' ***Genus: ''Vampyrum'' ****Spectral bat, ''V. spectrum'' ** Tribe Lonchorhinini ***Genus: ''Lonchorhina'' - sword-nosed bats ****Tomes's sword-nosed bat, ''L. aurita'' ****Fernandez's sword-nosed bat, ''L. fernandezi'' ****Northern sword-nosed bat, ''L. inusitata'' ****Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat, ''L. marinkellei'' ****Orinoco sword-nosed bat, ''L. orinocensis'' ***Genus: ''Macrophyllum (genus), Macrophyllum'' ****Long-legged bat, ''M. macrophyllum'' ***Genus: ''Mimon'' - Gray's spear-nosed bats ****Golden bat, ''M. bennettii'' ****Cozumelan golden bat, ''M. cozumelae'' ****Striped hairy-nosed bat, ''M. crenulatum'' ****Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat, ''M. koepckeae'' ** Tribe Phyllostomatini ***Genus: ''Phylloderma'' - Peters's spear-nosed bat ****Pale-faced bat, ''P. stenops'' ***Genus: ''Phyllostomus'' - spear-nosed bats ****Pale spear-nosed bat, ''P. discolor'' ****Lesser spear-nosed bat, ''P. elongatus'' ****Greater spear-nosed bat, ''P. hastatus'' ****Guianan spear-nosed bat, ''P. latifolius'' *Subfamily: Stenodermatinae **Genus: ''Ametrida'' ***Little white-shouldered bat, ''A. centurio'' **Genus: ''Ardops'' ***Tree bat, ''A. nichollsi'' **Genus: ''Ariteus'' ***Jamaican fig-eating bat, ''A. flavescens'' **Genus: ''Artibeus'' - Neotropical fruit bats ***Subgenus: ''Artibeus (subgenus), Artibeus'' ****Large fruit-eating bat, ''A. amplus'' ****Fringed fruit-eating bat, ''A. fimbriatus'' ****Fraternal fruit-eating bat, ''A. fraterculus'' ****Hairy fruit-eating bat, ''A. hirsutus'' ****Honduran fruit-eating bat, ''A. inopinatus'' ****Jamaican fruit bat, ''A. jamaicensis'' ****Great fruit-eating bat, ''A. lituratus'' ****Dark fruit-eating bat, ''A. obscurus'' ****Flat-faced fruit-eating bat, ''A. planirostris'' ****''Artibeus schwartzi'' ***Subgenus: ''Dermanura'' ****Andersen's fruit-eating bat, ''A. anderseni'' ****Aztec fruit-eating bat, ''A. aztecus'' ****Bogota fruit-eating bat, ''A. bogotensis'' ****Gervais's fruit-eating bat, ''A. cinereus'' ****Silver fruit-eating bat, ''A. glaucus'' ****Gnome fruit-eating bat, ''A. gnomus'' ****Solitary fruit-eating bat, ''A. incomitatus'' ****Pygmy fruit-eating bat, ''A. phaeotis'' ****Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat, ''A. rosenbergi'' ****Toltec fruit-eating bat, ''A. toltecus'' ****Thomas's fruit-eating bat, ''A. watsoni'' ***Subgenus: ''Koopmania'' ****Brown fruit-eating bat, ''K. concolor'' **Genus: ''Centurio (bat), Centurio'' ***Wrinkle-faced bat, ''C. senex'' **Genus: ''Chiroderma'' - big-eyed bats or white-lined bats ***Brazilian big-eyed bat, ''C. doriae'' ***Guadeloupe big-eyed bat, ''C. improvisum'' ***Salvin's big-eyed bat, ''C. salvini'' ***Little big-eyed bat, ''C. trinitatum'' ***Hairy big-eyed bat, ''C. villosum'' **Genus: ''Honduran white bat, Ectophylla'' ***Honduran white bat, ''E. alba'' **Genus: ''Enchisthenes'' ***Velvety fruit-eating bat, ''E. hartii'' **Genus: ''Mesophylla'' ***MacConnell's bat, ''M. macconnelli'' **Genus: ''Phyllops'' - falcate-winged bats ***Cuban fig-eating bat, ''P. falcatus'' **Genus: ''Platyrrhinus'' ***Platyrrhinus albericoi, Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''P. albericoi'' ***''Platyrrhinus aquilus'' ***Slender broad-nosed bat ''P. angustirostris'' ***Eldorado broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) aurarius'' ***Short-headed broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) brachycephalus'' ***Choco broad-nosed bat, ''P. chocoensis'' ***Thomas's broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) dorsalis'' ***Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat ''P. fusciventris'' ***Heller's broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) helleri'' ***''Platyrrhinus incarum'' ***Buffy broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) infuscus'' ***Platyrrhinus ismaeli, Ismael's broad-nosed bat, ''P. ismaeli'' ***White-lined broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) lineatus'' ***Platyrrhinus masu, Quechua broad-nosed bat, ''P. masu'' ***Matapalo broad-nosed bat, ''P. matapalensis'' ***Platyrrhinus nigellus, Geoffroy's rayed bat, ''P. nigellus'' ***''Platyrrhinus nitelinea'' ***Recife broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) recifinus'' ***Shadowy broad-nosed bat, ''P. umbratus'' ***Greater broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) vittatus'' **Genus: ''Pygoderma'' ***Ipanema bat, ''P. bilabiatum'' **Genus: ''Sphaeronycteris'' ***Visored bat, ''S. toxophyllum'' **Genus: ''Stenoderma'' ***Red fruit bat, ''S. rufum'' **Genus: ''Sturnira'' - yellow-shouldered bats or American epauleted bats ***Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat, S. aratathomasi'' ***Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. bidens'' ***Bogota yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. bogotensis'' ***Hairy yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. erythromos'' ***Sturnira koopmanhilli, Chocó yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. koopmanhilli'' ***little yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. lilium'' ***Highland yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. ludovici'' ***Louis's yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. luisi'' ***Greater yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. magna'' ***Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. mistratensis'' ***Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. mordax'' ***Lesser yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. nana'' ***Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. oporaphilum'' ***''Sturnira perla'' Jarrin-V & Kunz, 2011 ***Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. sorianoi'' ***Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. thomasi'' ***Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. tildae'' **Genus: ''Uroderma'' - tent-building bats ***Tent-making bat, ''U. bilobatum'' ***Brown tent-making bat, ''U. magnirostrum'' **Genus: ''Vampyressa'' - yellow-eared bats ***''Vampyressa elisabethae'' ***Melissa's yellow-eared bat, ''V. melissa'' ***Southern little yellow-eared bat, ''V. pusilla'' ***''Vampyressa sinchi'' ***Northern little yellow-eared bat, ''V. thyone'' **Genus: ''Vampyriscus'' ***Bidentate yellow-eared bat, ''V. bidens'' ***Brock's yellow-eared bat, ''V. brocki'' ***vampyriscus nymphaea, Striped yellow-eared bat, ''V. nymphaea'' **Genus: ''Vampyrodes'' ***Great stripe-faced bat, ''V. caraccioli''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q600042 Phyllostomidae, Taxa named by John Edward Gray