Although phosphorus (₁₅P) has 23 isotopes from ²⁵P to ⁴⁷P, only ³¹P is stable; as such, phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are ³³P with a half-life of 25.34 days and ³²P with a half-life of 14.268 days. All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable is ²⁵P with a half-life shorter than 30 nanoseconds.

List of isotopes

, - , rowspan=3, ²⁴P?The existence of this isotope has not been experimentally confirmed; given data is inferred or estimated from periodic trends. , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 9 , rowspan=3, 24.03652(54)# , rowspan=3, , p? , ²³Si , rowspan=3, 1+# , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β⁺? , ²⁴Si , - , β⁺, p? , ²³Al , - , ²⁵P? , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 10 , 25.02119(43)# , <30 ns , p? , ²⁴Si , (1/2+)# , , , - , rowspan=2, ²⁶PHas 1 halo proton , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 11 , rowspan=2, 26.01178(21)# , rowspan=2, 43.7(6) ms , β⁺ (63.2%) , ²⁶Si , rowspan=2, (3+) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺, p (36.8%) , ²⁵Al , - , style="text-indent:1em", ^26mP , colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em", 164.4(1) keV , 120(9) ns , IT , ²⁶P , , , , - , rowspan=2, ²⁷P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 12 , rowspan=2, 26.999224(28) , rowspan=2, 260(80) ms , β⁺ (99.93%) , ²⁷Si , rowspan=2, 1/2+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺, p (.07%) , ²⁶Al , - , rowspan=3, ²⁸P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 13 , rowspan=3, 27.9923266(12) , rowspan=3, 270.3(5) ms , β⁺ (99.99%) , ²⁸Si , rowspan=3, 3+ , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β⁺, p (.0013%) , ²⁷Al , - , β⁺, α (8.6×10⁻⁴%) , ²⁴Mg , - , ²⁹P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 14 , 28.9818004(4) , 4.142(15) s , β⁺ , ²⁹Si , 1/2+ , , , - , ³⁰P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 15 , 29.97831349(7) , 2.498(4) min , β⁺ , ³⁰Si , 1+ , , , - , ³¹P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 16 , 30.9737619986(7) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 1/2+ , 1.0000 , , - , ³²P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 17 , 31.97390764(4) , 14.268(5) d , β⁻ , ³²S , 1+ ,

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, , - , ³³P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 18 , 32.9717257(12) , 25.35(11) d , β⁻ , ³³S , 1/2+ , , , - , ³⁴P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 19 , 33.9736459(9) , 12.43(10) s , β⁻ , ³⁴S , 1+ , , , - , ³⁵P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 20 , 34.9733141(20) , 47.3(8) s , β⁻ , ³⁵S , 1/2+ , , , - , ³⁶P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 21 , 35.978260(14) , 5.6(3) s , β⁻ , ³⁶S , 4− , , , - , ³⁷P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 22 , 36.97961(4) , 2.31(13) s , β⁻ , ³⁷S , (1/2+) , , , - , rowspan=2, ³⁸P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 23 , rowspan=2, 37.98430(8) , rowspan=2, 0.64(14) s , β⁻ (87.5%) , ³⁸S , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (12.5%) , ³⁷S , - , rowspan=2, ³⁹P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 24 , rowspan=2, 38.98629(12) , rowspan=2, 282(24) ms , β⁻ (73.2%) , ³⁹S , rowspan=2, 1/2+# , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (26.8%) , ³⁸S , - , rowspan=2, ⁴⁰P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 25 , rowspan=2, 39.99129(16) , rowspan=2, 150(8) ms , β⁻ (84.2%) , ⁴⁰S , rowspan=2, (2−,3−) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (15.8%) , ³⁹S , - , rowspan=2, ⁴¹P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 26 , rowspan=2, 40.99465(13) , rowspan=2, 101(5) ms , β⁻ (70%) , ⁴¹S , rowspan=2, 1/2+# , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (30%) , ⁴⁰S , - , rowspan=2, ⁴²P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 27 , rowspan=2, 42.00108(34) , rowspan=2, 48.5(15) ms , β⁻ (50%) , ⁴²S , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (50%) , ⁴¹S , - , rowspan=2, ⁴³P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 28 , rowspan=2, 43.00502(60) , rowspan=2, 35.8(13) ms , β⁻, n , ⁴²S , rowspan=2, 1/2+# , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻ , ⁴³S , - , ⁴⁴P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 29 , 44.01122(54)# , 18.5(25) ms , β⁻ , ⁴⁴S , , , , - , ⁴⁵P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 30 , 45.01675(54)# , 8# ms 200 ns, β⁻ , ⁴⁵S , 1/2+# , , , - , ⁴⁶P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 31 , 46.02466(75)# , 4# ms 200 ns, β⁻ , ⁴⁶S , , , , - , ⁴⁷P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 32 , 47.03190(86)# , 2# ms , β⁻ , ⁴⁷S , , ,

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32

³²P, a

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-emitter (1.71 MeV) with a half-life of 14.3 days, is used routinely in life-science laboratories, primarily to produce radiolabeled DNA and

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...

probes, ''e.g.'' for use in Northern blots or

Southern blot A Southern blot is a method used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. Southern blotting combines transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detecti ...

s. Because the high-energy beta particles produced penetrate skin and corneas, and because any ³²P ingested, inhaled, or absorbed is readily incorporated into bone and nucleic acids, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA requires that a lab coat, rubber glove, disposable gloves, and safety glasses or goggles be worn when working with ³²P, and that working directly over an open container be avoided in order to protect the eyes. wikt:Monitor, Monitoring personal, clothing, and surface contamination is also required. In addition, due to the high energy of the beta particles, radiation protection, shielding this radiation with the normally used dense materials (''e.g.'' lead), gives rise to secondary emission of X-rays via a process known as bremsstrahlung, meaning braking radiation. Therefore, shielding must be accomplished with low-density materials, ''e.g.'' Plexiglas, Lucite, plastic, wood, or water.

Phosphorus-33

³³P, a beta-emitter (0.25 MeV) with a half-life of 25.4 days. It is used in life-science laboratories in applications in which lower energy beta emissions are advantageous such as DNA sequencing. ³³P can be used to label nucleotides. It is less energetic than ³²P, giving a better resolution. A disadvantage is its higher cost compared to ³²P, as most of the bombarded ³¹P will have acquired only one neutron, while only some will have acquired two or more. Its maximum specific activity is 5118 Ci/mol.

External links

Phosphorus isotopes data from ''The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's''

References

{{Navbox element isotopes Isotopes of phosphorus, Phosphorus Lists of isotopes by element, Phosphorus