''Pholadidea'' is a taxonomic

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

bivalve Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...

molluscs Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil sp ...

in the subfamily Martesiinae of the family

Pholadidae Pholadidae, known as piddocks or angelwings, are a family of bivalve molluscs similar to a clam. Background Piddocks are unique in that each side of their shells is divided into 2 or 3 separate sections. Furthermore, one of the piddock's shells ...

(the piddocks). Most members of ''Pholididea'' bore into shale, soft rock and coral for shelter, with the exception of ''Pholididea (Hatasia) wiffenae'', which is a wood-borer.

Appearance

The ''Pholididea'' are distinguished from the other genera in Martesiinae by having only on umbonal-

ventral Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek language, Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. Th ...

sulcus, a longitudinally-divided mesoplax, and either no metaplax and hypoplax, or a single plate caused by deposition of

calcite Calcite is a Carbonate minerals, carbonate mineral and the most stable Polymorphism (materials science), polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on ...

in the periostratum.

Occurrence

''Pholididea'' is known from the

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...

to the

Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...

, while the subgenus ''P. (Hatasia)'' is known only from the Holocene. Species have been reported from the

Palaeocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palai� ...

and

Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the ...

, but these likely belong in other genera.

Taxonomy

The following taxonomic classifications exist in ''Pholididea'':

Subgenera

* '' Pholadidea (Pholadidea)'' Turton, 1819 * '' Pholadidea (Hatasia)''

Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...

, 1851

Species

* '' Pholadidea acherontea'' Beu & Climo, 1974 * '' Pholadidea eborensis'' Cosel & Haga, 2018 * '' Pholadidea fauroti'' Jousseaume, 1888 * † '' Pholadidea finlayi'' Laws, 1936 * '' Pholadidea loscombiana'' Turton, 1819 * '' Pholadidea melanura'' .B. Sowerby I, 1834 * '' Pholadidea quadra'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1834 * '' Pholadidea suteri''

Lamy Lamy is a German pen manufacturing company. Josef Lamy, who was a sales representative for Parker Pen in Germany, founded the business in 1930 by purchasing the Orthos pen manufacturer. Lamy was a pioneer in the use of moulded synthetic plast ...

, 1926 * ''

Pholadidea tridens ''Pholadidea'' is a taxonomic genus of marine (ocean), marine bivalve molluscs in the subfamily Martesiinae of the family Pholadidae (the piddocks). Most members of ''Pholididea'' bore into shale, soft rock and coral for shelter, with the except ...

'' Gray, 1843 * '' Pholadidea tubifera'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1834 * † '' Pholadidea wiffenae'' Crampton, 1990 ; Synonyms * ''Pholadidea acutithyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 accepted as ''Penitella acutithyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 * ''Pholadidea cheveyi'' Lamy, 1927 accepted as ''Aspidopholas ovum'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Pholadidea chishimana'' Habe, 1955 accepted as ''Penitella gabbii'' Tryon, 1863 * ''Pholadidea dolichothyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 accepted as ''Penitella dolichothyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 * ''Pholadidea esmeraldensis'' Olsson, 1961: synonym of ''Pholadidea tubifera'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) * ''Pholadidea minuscula'' Dall, 1908 accepted as ''Martesia fragilis'' Verrill &

Bush Bush commonly refers to: * Shrub, a small or medium woody plant Bush, Bushes, or the bush may also refer to: People * Bush (surname), including any of several people with that name **Bush family, a prominent American family that includes: *** ...

, 1898 * ''Pholadidea sagitta'' Dall, 1916 accepted as ''Penitella penita''

Conrad Conrad may refer to: People * Conrad (name) Places United States * Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Iowa, a city * Conrad, Montana, a city * Conrad Glacier, Washington ...

, 1837

References

* Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp.

External links

Turton, W. (1819) A Conchological Dictionary of the British Islands. J. Booth, London, xxvii + 272 pp., 28 pls

Leach W. E. (1852). Molluscorum Britanniae Synopsis. A synopsis of the Mollusca of Great Britain arranged according to their natural affinities and anatomical structure. London pp. VIII + 376
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7187059 Pholadidae Bivalve genera