''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

plants,

subshrub A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or dwarf shrub is a short shrub, and is a woody plant. Prostrate shrub is a related term. "Subshrub" is often used interchangeably with "bush".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Der ...

s and

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s in the family

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

, native from the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...

region east across central

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. The name ''Phlomis'' derives from a Greek word for "flame", and may refer to the leaves' use in ancient times as lamp wicks. Common names include Jerusalem sage and lampwick plant.

Description

The overall size varies between species from 30 cm tall up to 2 m tall. The

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

are entire, opposite and decussate (each leaf pair at right angles to the next) and rugose or reticulate veined. The

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

s (floral leaves) are similar or different from the lower leaves. All parts are frequently covered with hairs. The bracteoles are

ovate Ovate may refer to: *Ovate (egg-shaped) leaves, tepals, or other botanical parts *Ovate, a type of prehistoric stone hand axe *Ovates, one of three ranks of membership in the Welsh Gorsedd *Vates In modern English, the nouns vates () and ovat ...

lanceolate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

linear Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship (''function'') that can be graphically represented as a straight line. Linearity is closely related to '' proportionality''. Examples in physics include rectilinear motion, the linear r ...

. The

flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...

s are arranged in whorls called verticillasters which encircle the stems. The stems are usually square in section with rounded corners, although

tomentum Tomentum may refer to: * Plant trichomes, a covering of closely matted or fine hairs on plant leaves. * Tomentum (anatomy), short, soft pubescence or a covering of fine, soft hairs. {{disambig ...

on the stems can make them appear circular. The colour of the flowers varies from yellow to pink, purple and white. The calyx is tubular or

campanulate This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary o ...

with five or ten veins visible. Five teeth, either all equal or with the outer two longer than the others. The upper lip is hood shaped and laterally compressed (''P. tuberosa'', however, has an uncompressed lip with a dense bearded edge). The lower lip is ''trifid'', the central lobe being larger than the lateral ones. There are four

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s ascending under the upper lip.

Anther The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

with forked end, the upper fork being shorter than the lower. The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

s are four three-sided,

nutlet A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, a wide variety of dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell ...

s, and sometimes topped with hair, sometimes

glabrous Glabrousness (from the Latin '' glaber'' meaning "bald", "hairless", "shaved", "smooth") is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of ...

. The root system can be very extensive; roots of 6-week-old seedlings have been measured at 0.7 m. ''Phlomis'' species are the only host plants of the moths ''

Coleophora phlomidella ''Coleophora phlomidella'' is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in southern Russia and central Asia. The larvae feed on the leaves of '' Phlomis pungens'' and ''Phlomis kopetdaghensis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species

'' and '' C. phlomidis''.

Systematics

The following species belong to genus ''Phlomis'', but some of them are now distributed in the genus ''

Phlomoides ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

''.GRIN Species Records of ''Phlomis''.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

''Phlomis''

* ''

Phlomis armeniaca ''Phlomis armeniaca'' is a perennial herb in the genus ''Phlomis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species

'' * ''

Phlomis bourgaei ''Phlomis bourgaei'', the puckered gray-green Turkish phlomis, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to East Aegean Islands to South West Turkey. The specific epithet ''bourgaei'' is a taxonomic patronym honouring the ...

'' * ''

Phlomis bovei ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * '' Phlomis cashmeriana'' * '' Phlomis chrysophylla'' * '' Phlomis crinita'' * ''

Phlomis fruticosa ''Phlomis fruticosa'', the Jerusalem sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native plant, native to Albania, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Turkey, and countries of the former Yugoslavia. It is a small evergreen shrub, up to ta ...

'' - Jerusalem sage * '' Phlomis grandiflora'' * '' Phlomis herba-venti'' * ''

Phlomis inaequalisepala ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of herbace ...

'' * '' Phlomis italica'' * ''

Phlomis lanata ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * '' Phlomis longifolia'' * '' Phlomis lychnitis'' - lampwick plant * ''

Phlomis lycia ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * '' Phlomis purpurea'' * '' Phlomis rigida'' * ''

Phlomis russeliana ''Phlomis russeliana'', Turkish sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Turkey and Syria in south west Asia. It is often confused with the closely related '' P. samia'', and wrongly marketed as ''Phlomis viscosa' ...

'' * '' Phlomis samia'' * '' Phlomis tathamiorum'' from Lebanon * '' Phlomis viscosa''

''Phlomoides''

* ''

Phlomis alpina ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' now called '' Phlomoides alpina'' * '' Phlomis betonicoides'' now called '' Phlomoides betonicoides'' * ''

Phlomis bracteosa ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' now called ''

Phlomoides bracteosa ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

'' * '' Phlomis macrophylla'' now called '' Phlomoides macrophylla'' * '' Phlomis maximowiczii'' now called '' Phlomoides maximowiczii'' * ''

Phlomis melanantha ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' now called ''

Phlomoides melanantha ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the ...

'' * '' Phlomis milingensis'' now called ''

Phlomoides milingensis ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the ...

'' * '' Phlomis oreophila'' now called ''

Phlomoides oreophila ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the ...

'' * ''

Phlomis pratensis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of herbace ...

'' now called ''

Phlomoides pratensis ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the ...

'' * '' Phlomis rotata'' now called ''

Phlomoides rotata ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the ...

'' * '' Phlomis spectabilis'' now called ''

Phlomoides spectabilis ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

'' * '' Phlomis tuberosa'' now called ''

Phlomoides tuberosa ''Phlomoides tuberosa'' ( syn. ''Phlomis tuberosa''), the sage-leaf mullein, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia and Europe. Enlarged, tuberous ro ...

'' * '' Phlomis umbrosa'' now called '' Phlomoides umbrosa'' * '' Phlomis younghusbandii'' now called '' Phlomoides younghusbandii''

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q157874 Lamiaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus