Philippine Negrito languages

The Negrito peoples of the Philippines speak various Philippine languages. They have more in common with neighboring languages than with each other, and are listed here merely as an aid to identification.

Classification

The following languages are grouped according to their geographic location, and not genetic classification.

Lobel (2013)

Lobel (2013) lists the following Black Filipino (i.e., Philippine Negrito) ethnolinguistic groups.

;Northern Luzon
* Umiray Dumaget
* Remontado Dumagat
* Alta, Northern
* Alta, Southern
*Arta
* Casiguran Agta
* Nagtipunan Agta
* Dinapigue Agta
* Central Cagayan Agta
* Pahanan (Agta)
* Dupaningan Agta
*Atta (3-4 languages)

(''Lobel (2010) lists the following Negrito languages that are spoken on the eastern coast of Luzon Island, listed from north to south.'')

* Dupaningan Agta (Northern Luzon branch)
*Pahanan Agta
* Casiguran Agta
* Umiray Dumaget
* Remontado Dumagat
* Inagta Alabat
* Manide
* Inagta Partido
* Inagta Rinconada

Furthermore, Robinson & Lobel (2013) argue that Dupaningan Agta, Pahanan Agta, Casiguran Agta, Nagtipunan Agta, Dinapigue Agta, and Paranan do not belong to the Northern Cordilleran branch, but rather a new branch that they call '' Northeastern Luzon'', which they consider to be a primary branch of the Northern Luzon (Cordilleran) group.

;Zambales Mountains
* Ayta Mag-indi
* Ayta Mag-anchi
* Ayta Abellen
* Ayta Ambala
* Ayta Bataan ( Ayta Magbukun)

;Southern Luzon
* Inagta Rinconada
* Inagta Partido
* Manide
* Inagta Alabat (and Inagta Lopez)

;Southern Philippines
* Inata (possibly 2 dialects)
* Inati (Inete) (2 dialects?)
* Mamanwa
* Batak (5-8 dialects)
* Iraya ( Mangyan)
* Ata/Tigwa/ Matigsalug Manobo

;Extinct varieties
*Mount Iraya Agta (a.k.a. East Lake Buhi Agta)
* Dicamay Agta: spoken on the Dicamay River on the western side of the Sierra Madre near Jones, Isabela; reportedly exterminated by Ilokano homesteaders sometime between 1957 and 1974 (Headland 2003:7)
* Villa Viciosa Agta

Another Negrito language investigated by Lobel (2013) is Southern Binukidnon ( Magahat).

'' Ethnologue'' adds the extinct and unclassified Katabaga of Catanauan, Quezon, southern Luzon. The language was originally listed by Garvan (1963: 8). Katabaga is in fact a misspelling of Katabangan, the name that the people use to refer to themselves. Some people in the Bikol Region also use the term ''Katabangan'' to refer to mixed-blood Agta in the region. Lobel (2013: 92) reports from a 2006 visit that the Katabangan speak only Tagalog. According to Lobel (2013), if the Katabangan did in fact speak one of the Philippine Negrito languages before, it would have been related to Agta of the Lopez-Guinayangan area (see Inagta Alabat language) or to Manide based on its present-day location.

Louward Allen Zubiri reports that there are 670 individuals in the Katabangan community. There are also families living in Mulanay, Gumaca, Lopez, and Alabat.ISO 639-3 Change Request 2019-024
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Reid (1994)

Reid (1994) lists the following Negrito languages.
*North Agta
** Northern Cagayan
** Central Cagayan
** Eastern Cagayan
** Southern Cagayan
** Southern Isabela
** Aurora
*Arta - 12 remaining speakers in Aglipay, Quirino, in 1990
*Alta
** North Alta - spoken in Aurora Province
** South Alta (Kabuluen) - spoken in Nueva Ecija and Bulacan Provinces
* Central Agta - spoken in eastern Luzon; includes Umiray
* South Agta
** Camarines Norte
** Camarines Sur
* Sinauna
*Ayta - 6 different languages spoken in the Zambales Mountains according to Wimbel (1986):Wimbish, John. 1986. The languages of the Zambales mountains: a Philippine lexicostatistic study. In ''Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics'', University of North Dakota Session, vol. 30:133-142.
** Abelen
** Aberlen
** Magganchi
** Maggindi
** Ambala
** Magbeken Ayta

;Other Philippine Negrito languages:
* Ata Manobo - spoken in Mansalinao, Davao
* Batak - spoken in Palawan
* Inati
* Mamanwa - spoken in Agusan

Reid (2013)

Reid (2013)Reid, Lawrence A. (2013)
Who Are the Philippine Negritos? Evidence from Language
" ''Human Biology'': Vol. 85: Iss. 1, Article 15. considers the Philippine Negrito languages (highlighted in bold) to have split in the following fashion. Reid (2013) considers each Negrito language or group to be a first-order split in its respective branch, with Inati and Manide– Alabat as first-order subgroups of Malayo-Polynesian.

* Malayo-Polynesian (MP)
**''diverse MP branches outside of the Philippines''
**''Bashiic'', ''Kalamianic and other MP branches on the Philippines not comprising Negrito languages''
** Manide– Alabat
** Inati
** Northern Luzon languages
***Arta
*** Umiray Dumaget (?)
***Northeastern Luzon languages
*** Cagayan Valley languages
*** Ilokano
*** Meso-Cordilleran languages
**** North Alta
**** South Alta
****South Cordilleran languages
****Central Cordilleran languages
** Central Luzon languages
*** Remontado Dumagat ( Sinauna Tagalog)
*** Kapampangan
*** Sambalic languages
****Ayta languages
****Sambal languages
** Central Philippine languages
*** Mamanwa
***Tagalog
***Bikol
***Bisayan
***Mansaka

Unique vocabulary

Lobel (2010) lists the following percentage of unique vocabulary items out of 1,000 compared words in these Negrito languages, which Reid (1994) suggests are lexical remnants from the pre-Austronesian substrata that these Negrito languages may have. Manide and Umiray Dumaget have the most unique vocabulary items.
* Manide: 28.5%
* Umiray Dumaget: 23%
* Inate: 9%
* Mamanwa: 7%
* Batak: 1%
* Inagta Rinconada; Inagta Partido: 2%

Other Southeast Asian languages with high proportions of unique vocabulary of possible isolate origin include the Enggano language of Indonesia and the Kenaboi language of Malaysia.

Reid (1994)

Reid (1994) lists the following reconstructed forms as possible non-Austronesian lexical elements in Philippine Negrito languages.

Reid (2013: 334) considers the endonym *ʔa(R)ta, meaning 'person', to have been a native Negrito word that was later borrowed into Austronesian with the meaning 'dark-skinned person'.

References

*Fay Wouk and Malcolm Ross (ed.), ''The history and typology of western Austronesian voice systems.'' Australian National University, 2002.
*K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, ''The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar.'' Routledge, 2005.
''Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database,''
2008.
*Reid, Lawrence A. (2013)
Who Are the Philippine Negritos? Evidence from Language
" ''Human Biology'': Vol. 85: Iss. 1, Article 15.

External links

* Comparative vocabularies of Philippine and other Austronesian languages
* Cognate sets for Austronesian languages

{{ph-negrito-lang

Aeta languages
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01
Negritos