The
Negrito
The term Negrito () refers to several diverse ethnic groups who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia and the Andaman Islands. Populations often described as Negrito include: the Andamanese peoples (including the Great Andamanese, the Onge, ...
peoples of the Philippines speak various
Philippine languages
The Philippine languages or Philippinic are a proposed group by R. David Paul Zorc (1986) and Robert Blust (1991; 2005; 2019) that include all the languages of the Philippines and northern Sulawesi, Indonesia—except Sama–Bajaw (languages ...
. They have more in common with neighboring languages than with each other,
and are listed here merely as an aid to identification.
Classification
The following languages are grouped according to their geographic location, and not genetic classification.
Lobel (2013)
Lobel (2013)
lists the following Black Filipino (i.e., Philippine Negrito) ethnolinguistic groups.
;Northern Luzon
*
Umiray Dumaget
*
Remontado Dumagat
*
Alta, Northern
*
Alta, Southern
*
Arta
*
Casiguran Agta
*
Nagtipunan Agta
Nagtipunan Agta is a Northeastern Luzon language. It is one of the Aeta languages
The Aeta (Ayta ), Agta, or Dumagat, are collective terms for several Filipino indigenous peoples who live in various parts of the island of Luzon in the P ...
*
Dinapigue Agta
*
Central Cagayan Agta
*
Pahanan (Agta)
*
Dupaningan Agta
*
Atta Atta or ATTA may refer to:
* Atta Halilintar, Indonesian YouTuber, singer and entrepreneur
* ''Atta'' (ant), a genus of ants in the family Formicidae
* ''Atta'' (novel), a 1953 novel by Francis Rufus Bellamy
* Atta flour, whole wheat flour made f ...
(3-4 languages)
(''Lobel (2010)
lists the following Negrito languages that are spoken on the eastern coast of Luzon Island, listed from north to south.'')
*
Dupaningan Agta (Northern Luzon branch)
*
Pahanan Agta
*
Casiguran Agta
*
Umiray Dumaget
*
Remontado Dumagat
*
Inagta Alabat
*
Manide
*
Inagta Partido
*
Inagta Rinconada
Furthermore, Robinson & Lobel (2013) argue that
Dupaningan Agta,
Pahanan Agta,
Casiguran Agta,
Nagtipunan Agta
Nagtipunan Agta is a Northeastern Luzon language. It is one of the Aeta languages
The Aeta (Ayta ), Agta, or Dumagat, are collective terms for several Filipino indigenous peoples who live in various parts of the island of Luzon in the P ...
,
Dinapigue Agta, and
Paranan do not belong to the Northern Cordilleran branch, but rather a new branch that they call ''
Northeastern Luzon'', which they consider to be a primary branch of the Northern Luzon (Cordilleran) group.
;Zambales Mountains
*
Ayta Mag-indi
*
Ayta Mag-anchi
*
Ayta Abellen
*
Ayta Ambala
*
Ayta Bataan ( Ayta Magbukun)
;Southern Luzon
*
Inagta Rinconada
*
Inagta Partido
*
Manide
*
Inagta Alabat (and Inagta Lopez)
;Southern Philippines
*
Inata
Inata ( ar, عيناتا) is a village in Syria in the Talkalakh District, Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Inata had a population of 780 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites
...
(possibly 2 dialects)
*
Inati (Inete) (2 dialects?)
*
Mamanwa
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopte ...
*
Batak
Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, ...
(5-8 dialects)
*
Iraya (
Mangyan
Mangyan is the generic name for the eight indigenous groups found on the island of Mindoro, southwest of the island of Luzon, the Philippines, each with its own tribal name, language, and customs. The total population may be around 280,001, ...
)
*
Ata/Tigwa/
Matigsalug
The Matigsalug are an indigenous group who live in the Tigwa-Salug Valley in San Fernando in Bukidnon province, Philippines. ''"Matigsalug"'' means "people along the Salug River" (now known as the Davao River). Although often classified under th ...
Manobo
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopte ...
;Extinct varieties
*
Mount Iraya Agta (a.k.a. East Lake Buhi Agta)
*
Dicamay Agta: spoken on the Dicamay River on the western side of the Sierra Madre near
Jones, Isabela
Jones, officially the Municipality of Jones ( ilo, Ili ti Jones; tl, Bayan ng Jones), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 45,628 people.
It is one of only two ...
; reportedly exterminated by Ilokano homesteaders sometime between 1957 and 1974 (Headland 2003:7)
*
Villa Viciosa Agta
Another Negrito language investigated by Lobel (2013) is Southern Binukidnon (
Magahat).
''
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensiv ...
'' adds the extinct and unclassified
Katabaga of
Catanauan
Catanauan, officially the Municipality of Catanauan ( tgl, Bayan ng Catanauan), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 72,752 people.
History
The existence of Cat ...
,
Quezon
Quezon, officially the Province of Quezon ( tl, Lalawigan ng Quezon), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon Regions of the Philippines, region on Luzon. Kalilayan was the first known name of th ...
, southern Luzon. The language was originally listed by Garvan (1963: 8). Katabaga is in fact a misspelling of
Katabangan, the name that the people use to refer to themselves. Some people in the Bikol Region also use the term ''Katabangan'' to refer to mixed-blood Agta in the region. Lobel (2013: 92) reports from a 2006 visit that the Katabangan speak only Tagalog. According to Lobel (2013), if the Katabangan did in fact speak one of the Philippine Negrito languages before, it would have been related to Agta of the Lopez-
Guinayangan
Guinayangan, officially the Municipality of Guinayangan ( tgl, Bayan ng Guinayangan), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 44,045 people.
Guinayangan came from ...
area (see
Inagta Alabat language
Inagta Alabat (Alabat Island Agta) is a nearly dormant Aeta language spoken in central Alabat Island, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, l ...
) or to
Manide based on its present-day location.
Louward Allen Zubiri reports that there are 670 individuals in the Katabangan community. There are also families living in Mulanay, Gumaca, Lopez, and Alabat.
ISO 639-3 Change Request 2019-024
/ref>
Reid (1994)
Reid (1994) lists the following Negrito languages.Aurora
An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of bri ...
* Arta - 12 remaining speakers in Aglipay, Quirino
Quirino, officially the Province of Quirino ( ilo, Probinsia ti Quirino; tl, Lalawigan ng Quirino), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Cabarroguis. It is named after Elp ...
, in 1990
*Alta
** North Alta - spoken in Aurora Province
** South Alta (Kabuluen) - spoken in Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija, officially the Province of Nueva Ecija ( tgl, Lalawigan ng Nueva Ecija , also ; ilo, Probinsia ti Nueva Ecija; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Ecija; Kapampangan: ''Lalawigan/Probinsia ning Nueva Ecija''), is a landlocked province i ...
and Bulacan
Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Metr ...
Provinces
* Central Agta - spoken in eastern Luzon; includes Umiray
* South Agta
**Camarines Norte
Camarines Norte ( bcl, Amihanan na Camarines; fil, Hilagang Camarines), officially the Province of Camarines Norte, is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Daet, Camarin ...
**Camarines Sur
Camarines Sur ( bcl, Habagatan na Camarines; tl, Timog Camarines), officially the Province of Camarines Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region on Luzon. Its capital is Pili and the province borders Camarines Norte and ...
* Sinauna
*Ayta - 6 different languages spoken in the Zambales Mountains
The Zambales Mountains is a mountain range on western Luzon island in the Philippines. The mountains separate Luzon's central plain from the South China Sea. Its most prominent section is known as the Cabusilan Mountain Range composed of Mount ...
according to Wimbel (1986):[Wimbish, John. 1986. The languages of the Zambales mountains: a Philippine lexicostatistic study. In ''Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics'', University of North Dakota Session, vol. 30:133-142.]
** Abelen
** Aberlen
** Magganchi
** Maggindi
**Ambala
Ambala () is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-are ...
** Magbeken Ayta
;Other Philippine Negrito languages:
* Ata Manobo - spoken in Mansalinao, Davao
*Batak
Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, ...
- spoken in Palawan
Palawan (), officially the Province of Palawan ( cyo, Probinsya i'ang Palawan; tl, Lalawigan ng Palawan), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in ...
* Inati
*Mamanwa
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopte ...
- spoken in Agusan
Reid (2013)
Reid (2013)[Reid, Lawrence A. (2013)]
Who Are the Philippine Negritos? Evidence from Language
" ''Human Biology'': Vol. 85: Iss. 1, Article 15. considers the Philippine Negrito languages (highlighted in bold) to have split in the following fashion. Reid (2013) considers each Negrito language or group to be a first-order split in its respective branch, with Inati and Manide– Alabat as first-order subgroups of Malayo-Polynesian
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast ...
.
* Malayo-Polynesian (MP)
**''diverse MP branches outside of the Philippines''
**''Bashiic'', ''Kalamianic and other MP branches on the Philippines not comprising Negrito languages''
** Manide– Alabat
** Inati
**Northern Luzon languages
The Northern Luzon languages (also known as the Cordilleran languages) are one of the few established large groups within Philippine languages. These are mostly located in and around the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon in the Philippines. ...
*** Arta
*** Umiray Dumaget (?)
***Northeastern Luzon languages
The Northeastern Luzon languages is a primary subgroup of the Northern Luzon languages, proposed by Robinson & Lobel (2013) based on historical phonology, functors, and lexicon.
Classification
Robinson & Lobel (2013:148) propose the following in ...
***Cagayan Valley languages
The Cagayan Valley languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. They are:
* Isnag
**''Bayag''
**''Calanasan''
**''Dibagat-Kabugao''
**''Karagawan''
**''Talifugu-Ripang''
*Ibanagic
** Adasen
***''Eastern Addasen''
***''Western Add ...
*** Ilokano
***Meso-Cordilleran languages
The Meso-Cordilleran languages are a group of languages spoken in or near the Cordillera Central mountain range in Northern Luzon. Its speakers are culturally very diverse, and include the lowland Pangasinense, the Igorot highlanders, and Alta ...
**** North Alta
**** South Alta
****South Cordilleran languages
****Central Cordilleran languages
**Central Luzon languages
The Central Luzon languages are a group of languages belonging to the Philippine languages. These are predominantly spoken in the western portions of Central Luzon in the Philippines. One of them, Kapampangan, is the major language of the Pampang ...
*** Remontado Dumagat ( Sinauna Tagalog)
***Kapampangan Kapampangan, Capampañgan or Pampangan may refer to:
*Kapampangan people of the Philippines
*Kapampangan language
Kapampangan or Pampangan is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary ...
***Sambalic languages
The Sambalic languages are a part of the Central Luzon language family spoken by the Sambals, an ethnolinguistic group on the western coastal areas of Central Luzon and the Zambales mountain ranges.
Demographics
The largest Sambalic languages a ...
****Ayta languages
****Sambal languages
**Central Philippine languages
The Central Philippine languages are the most geographically widespread demonstrated group of languages in the Philippines, being spoken in southern Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, and Sulu. They are also the most populous, including Tagalog (and ...
***Mamanwa
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopte ...
***Tagalog
***Bikol
***Bisayan
***Mansaka
Unique vocabulary
Lobel (2010)Mamanwa
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopte ...
: 7%
*Batak
Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, ...
: 1%
* Inagta Rinconada; Inagta Partido: 2%
Other Southeast Asian languages with high proportions of unique vocabulary of possible isolate origin include the Enggano language
The Enggano language, or Engganese, is an Austronesian language spoken on Enggano Island off the southwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Enggano is notable among the Austronesian languages of western Insular Southeast Asia because of many unu ...
of Indonesia and the Kenaboi language
Kĕnaboi is an extinct unclassified language of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia that may be a language isolate or an Austroasiatic language belonging to the Aslian branch. It is attested in what appears to be two dialects, based on word lists of abo ...
of Malaysia.
Reid (1994)
Reid (1994)endonym
An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...
*ʔa(R)ta, meaning 'person', to have been a native Negrito word that was later borrowed into Austronesian with the meaning 'dark-skinned person'.
References
*Fay Wouk and Malcolm Ross (ed.), ''The history and typology of western Austronesian voice systems.'' Australian National University, 2002.
*K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, ''The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar.'' Routledge, 2005.
''Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database,''
2008.
*Reid, Lawrence A. (2013)
Who Are the Philippine Negritos? Evidence from Language
" ''Human Biology'': Vol. 85: Iss. 1, Article 15.
External links
* Comparative vocabularies of Philippine and other Austronesian languages
* Cognate sets for Austronesian languages
{{ph-negrito-lang
Aeta languages
*
01
Negritos