Philippine naked-backed fruit bat

The Philippine naked-backed fruit bat or Philippine bare-backed fruit bat (''Dobsonia chapmani'') is a megabat that mostly lives on Negros Island. Two small populations were also found on Cebu Island in the Philippines. Like other bare-backed fruit bats, its wings meet along the midline of their bodies, making it a very agile flier. It roosted in caves, in areas where little light penetrated the gloom. It was so abundant once that it left piles of guano, which were used by miners as fertilizer.

By the mid-1980s, the lowland forest was replaced by sugar cane plantations and the bat vanished. In 1996 the species was declared extinct by the IUCN, as none had been sighted since 1964, but the bat was rediscovered in 2000. The species now survives in very small numbers. The bat lives in caves and comes out at night to eat fruits from local rainforests. After the forests were cut down to make way for sugar plantations the bat population dropped drastically, and the few remaining ones are still hunted for their meat. Now the bats reside in the few areas of remaining forest, and if these are cut down, the species is likely to go extinct. The forest where the bats live in Cebu is protected in that it cannot be cut down, but there are no conservation measures on Negros.

Physical description

''Dobsonia chapmani'' is a large fruit bat that lives in Southeastern Asia in the Philippines and the surrounding islands.Johanna Hamburger (2010-10-25
Petition to list 15 bat species under the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§ 1531 et seq.)
wildearthguardians.org It measures 218–221 mm from nose to tail and weighs 125–143 g. The wings of this bat connect to the midline of the back giving it a naked/furless appearance.Synopsis of Philippine Mammals
The Field Museum (2010)

Group size

The density of this species is unknown; in the past, the size of the colonies would rarely exceed 300-400 individuals.

Habitat

The bat prefers limestone caves in the forest. The forest habitats, consist of naturally open and shrubby native vegetation such as: batino (''Alstonia macrophylla''), hindunganon (''Macaranga'' sp.), tubug (''Ficus septica''), and matamban (''Mallotus'' sp.), which grow on steep slopes. For food, the bat also utilizes the surrounding agricultural clearings that are planted with abacá (''Musa textiles''), gabi (''Colocasia esculenta''), and coconuts (''Cocos nucifera''). Only about 60 ha. remain of forested land for this species, all of which is outside of the protected Central Cebu National Park.

Diet

As the name implies this species eats many kinds of fruit, so they act as an important species for seed dispersal.

Conservation

The species was previously thought to be extinct due to three common threats. The first was overharvesting for meat due to its large size. The second was deforestation, which was inevitable because of the growing human population. The last factor was the lack of protection for the habitat of this species, except for a few minor areas in the Carmen municipality.

Climate change may disrupt breeding seasons and affect the limited habitat of the species and it may also be threatened by low genetic diversity due to the population bottleneck that occurs at low population density.L.-M. J., Pedregosa M. G. and Rabor Paguntalan (1952) “The Philippine Bare-Backed Fruit Bat Dobsonia chapmani”

In the Carmen municipality on Cebu Island the local government has formed a group of environmental protection coordinators who patrol and report violations in the habitat of the Philippines naked backed fruit bat. The duty of these coordinators is to survey cave "sanctuaries", as named by the municipal government, and report changes in the habitat and hunting of bats. A reforestation project is underway as well. Many other towns are following in Carmen's footsteps by becoming proactive in saving this bat. There is also a law that applies to both of the islands, which is the Republic Act 9147 or the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act. This Act, among other objectives, conserves and protects wildlife and their habitat. This species is also known as a flagship species in many areas in which it lives. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.

References

Further reading

* ''A Gap in Nature'' (2001) Tim Flannery and Peter Schouten. William Heinemann.
* “Key Conservation Sites in the Philippines”. (2001) Mallari, N. D., Tabaranza Jr., B. R. and Crosby, M..

{{Taxonbar, from=Q301434

Dobsonia
Bats of Southeast Asia
Endemic fauna of the Philippines
Mammals of the Philippines
Fauna of Cebu
Fauna of Negros Island
Critically endangered fauna of Asia
Mammals described in 1952